Larynx Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

What is the larynx

A

Connection between the pharynx and trachea

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2
Q

What does the larynx do

A

Prevents foreign bodies entering airway

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3
Q

Where is the larynx located

A

Midline opposite the cervical vertebrae C3 to C6

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4
Q

What is vallecula

A

A depression in the mucosa between the pharyngeal portion of the tongue and anterior border of epiglottis

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5
Q

What is the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) formed by

A

The angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx

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6
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage do

A

Maintains airway, provides attachment for muscles, ligaments and cartilage, vocal chords

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7
Q

What does the isthmus do

A

Connects the lobes of the thymus gland

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8
Q

Where is the laryngeal inlet

A

Bounded by the epiglottis anteriorly
Aryepiglottic folds laterally
Interarytenoid tissues posteriorly
Leads down to the vestibule of the larynx which extends down to the vestibular folds

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9
Q

Where is the vestibule and saccule

A

Between vestibule and vocal folds is a small recess the ventricle of larynx extends upwards to the saccule of the larynx

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10
Q

What are the two vocal folds

A

True vocal cords and the rima glottidis

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11
Q

What muscle is responsible for adjusting the tension of the vocal folds

A

Vocalis muscle

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12
Q

What are the false vocal cords called

A

Vestibular folds

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13
Q

During talking what does the larynx do

A

Adduct

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14
Q

During breathing what does the larynx do

A

Abduct

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15
Q

What are the 6 extrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
Median thyrohyoid ligament
Lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
Hyo epiglottis ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Median cricothyroid ligament

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16
Q

What are the 2 intrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx

A

Cricothyroid ligament
Quadrangular membrane

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17
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

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18
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages

A

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

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19
Q

What is the superior and inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage also known as

20
Q

What are the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage connected to

A

The hyoid bone via the lateral thyrohyoid ligament

21
Q

What are the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage do

A

Articulate with the cricoid cartilage

22
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage articulate with

A

The paired aryteniod cartilages posteriorly as well as providing an attachment for the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage

23
Q

What is the epiglottis attached to

A

The back of the anterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage

24
Q

What does the arytenoid cartilages consist of

A

An apex, base, three sides and two processes

25
What does the apex of the arytenoid cartilages do
Articulates with the corniculate cartilage
26
What does the base of the arytenoid cartilages do
Articulates with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage
27
What is the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages
Provides attachment for the vocal ligament
28
What is the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilages
Provides attachment for the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
29
What do the corniculate cartilages do
Minor cartilaginous structures articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages
30
What do the cuneiform cartilages do
Located within the aryepiglottic folds act to strengthen the folds
31
What are the 4 extrinsic infrahyoid muscles of the larynx
Sternohyoid muscle Omohyoid muscle Sternothyroid muscle Thyrohyoid muscle
32
What are the 4 extrinsic suprahyoid muscles of the larynx
Stylohyoid muscle Digastric muscle Mylohyoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle
33
What do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx act to do
Move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly comprised of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups and the stylopharyngeous (a muscle of the pharynx)
34
When are low pitched sounds produced
When the folds are relaxed
35
When are high pitched sounds produced
When the folds are taut
36
What happens to the folds during puberty
Expansion for the larynx and elongation of the vocal folds - voice breaks
37
How do the muscles move during phonation
Larynx produces column of air vibrating leads to sound which modifies during passage through the upper airway Air is forces past vocal folds that are closed from a slit like glottis The arytenoids are medically rotated and are adducted by contraction of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
38
What epithelium is the lingual mucosa lined with
Stratified squamous non keratinised
39
What epithelium is the other half of its laryngeal surface lined by
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
40
Where are seromucous glands found
Deep within the lamina propria of the mucosa
41
What is the top of the trachea comprised of
Columnar Pseudostratified with cilia and goblet cells
42
What is the innervation of the larynx
Both motor and sensory innervation via branches of the vagus nerve - recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve
43
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve provide the larynx with
Sensory innervation to the infraglottis and motor innervation to all the internal muscles except the cricothyroid
44
What does the superior laryngeal nerve provide the larynx with
Internal branches - sensory innervation to supraglottis External branches - motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle
45
What is the arterial supply of the larynx
The superior and inferior laryngeal arteries which are branches of the thyroid arteries
46
How is the larynx drained
By corresponding veins the superior and inferior laryngeal veins
47
What epithelium are the vocal cords typically covered with
Stratified squamous epithelium