Larynx

Question 1

What is the larynx

Answer 1

Connection between the pharynx and trachea

Question 2

What does the larynx do

Answer 2

Prevents foreign bodies entering airway

Question 3

Where is the larynx located

Answer 3

Midline opposite the cervical vertebrae C3 to C6

Question 4

What is vallecula

Answer 4

A depression in the mucosa between the pharyngeal portion of the tongue and anterior border of epiglottis

Question 5

What is the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) formed by

Answer 5

The angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx

Question 6

What does the cricoid cartilage do

Answer 6

Maintains airway, provides attachment for muscles, ligaments and cartilage, vocal chords

Question 7

What does the isthmus do

Answer 7

Connects the lobes of the thymus gland

Question 8

Where is the laryngeal inlet

Answer 8

Bounded by the epiglottis anteriorly
Aryepiglottic folds laterally
Interarytenoid tissues posteriorly
Leads down to the vestibule of the larynx which extends down to the vestibular folds

Question 9

Where is the vestibule and saccule

Answer 9

Between vestibule and vocal folds is a small recess the ventricle of larynx extends upwards to the saccule of the larynx

Question 10

What are the two vocal folds

Answer 10

True vocal cords and the rima glottidis

Question 11

What muscle is responsible for adjusting the tension of the vocal folds

Answer 11

Vocalis muscle

Question 12

What are the false vocal cords called

Answer 12

Vestibular folds

Question 13

During talking what does the larynx do

Answer 13

Adduct

Question 14

During breathing what does the larynx do

Answer 14

Abduct

Question 15

What are the 6 extrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx

Answer 15

Thyrohyoid membrane
Median thyrohyoid ligament
Lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
Hyo epiglottis ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Median cricothyroid ligament

Question 16

What are the 2 intrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx

Answer 16

Cricothyroid ligament
Quadrangular membrane

Question 17

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages

Answer 17

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

Question 18

What are the 3 paired cartilages

Answer 18

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

Question 19

What is the superior and inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage also known as

Answer 19

The Cornu

Question 20

What are the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage connected to

Answer 20

The hyoid bone via the lateral thyrohyoid ligament

Question 21

What are the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage do

Answer 21

Articulate with the cricoid cartilage

Question 22

What does the cricoid cartilage articulate with

Answer 22

The paired aryteniod cartilages posteriorly as well as providing an attachment for the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage

Question 23

What is the epiglottis attached to

Answer 23

The back of the anterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage

Question 24

What does the arytenoid cartilages consist of

Answer 24

An apex, base, three sides and two processes

Question 25

What does the apex of the arytenoid cartilages do

Answer 25

Articulates with the corniculate cartilage

Question 26

What does the base of the arytenoid cartilages do

Answer 26

Articulates with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage

Question 27

What is the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 27

Provides attachment for the vocal ligament

Question 28

What is the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 28

Provides attachment for the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

Question 29

What do the corniculate cartilages do

Answer 29

Minor cartilaginous structures articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages

Question 30

What do the cuneiform cartilages do

Answer 30

Located within the aryepiglottic folds act to strengthen the folds

Question 31

What are the 4 extrinsic infrahyoid muscles of the larynx

Answer 31

Sternohyoid muscle Omohyoid muscle Sternothyroid muscle Thyrohyoid muscle

Question 32

What are the 4 extrinsic suprahyoid muscles of the larynx

Answer 32

Stylohyoid muscle Digastric muscle Mylohyoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle

Question 33

What do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx act to do

Answer 33

Move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly comprised of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups and the stylopharyngeous (a muscle of the pharynx)

Question 34

When are low pitched sounds produced

Answer 34

When the folds are relaxed

Question 35

When are high pitched sounds produced

Answer 35

When the folds are taut

Question 36

What happens to the folds during puberty

Answer 36

Expansion for the larynx and elongation of the vocal folds - voice breaks

Question 37

How do the muscles move during phonation

Answer 37

Larynx produces column of air vibrating leads to sound which modifies during passage through the upper airway Air is forces past vocal folds that are closed from a slit like glottis The arytenoids are medically rotated and are adducted by contraction of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

Question 38

What epithelium is the lingual mucosa lined with

Answer 38

Stratified squamous non keratinised

Question 39

What epithelium is the other half of its laryngeal surface lined by

Answer 39

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 40

Where are seromucous glands found

Answer 40

Deep within the lamina propria of the mucosa

Question 41

What is the top of the trachea comprised of

Answer 41

Columnar Pseudostratified with cilia and goblet cells

Question 42

What is the innervation of the larynx

Answer 42

Both motor and sensory innervation via branches of the vagus nerve - recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve

Question 43

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve provide the larynx with

Answer 43

Sensory innervation to the infraglottis and motor innervation to all the internal muscles except the cricothyroid

Question 44

What does the superior laryngeal nerve provide the larynx with

Answer 44

Internal branches - sensory innervation to supraglottis External branches - motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle

Question 45

What is the arterial supply of the larynx

Answer 45

The superior and inferior laryngeal arteries which are branches of the thyroid arteries

Question 46

How is the larynx drained

Answer 46

By corresponding veins the superior and inferior laryngeal veins

Question 47

What epithelium are the vocal cords typically covered with

Answer 47

Stratified squamous epithelium