Larsen 5

Question 0

Aging

Answer 0

The process of maturation

Question 1

Adult stage

Answer 1

The third stage of life, involving the reproductive years and senescence.

Question 2

Allen’s Rule

Answer 2

The principle that an animal’s limb lengths are heat-related; limbs are longer in hot environments and shorter in cold environments.

Question 3

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 3

The rate at which an organism’s body, while at rest, expends energy to maintain basic bodily functions; measured by the amount of heat given off per kilogram of body weight.

Question 4

Basal metabolic requirement

Answer 4

The minimum amount of energy needed to keep an organism alive.

Question 5

Bergmann’s rule

Answer 5

The principle that an animal’s size is heat-related; smaller bodies are adapted to hot environments, and larger bodies are adapted to cold environments

Question 6

Bone mass

Answer 6

The density of bone per unit of measure

Question 7

Cline

Answer 7

A gradual change in some phenotypic characteristic from one population to the next.

Question 8

Cognitive abilities

Answer 8

Refers to the capacity of the brain to perceive, process, and judge information from the surrounding environment

Question 9

Deciduous dentition

Answer 9

Also known as baby teeth or milk teeth, this is the first set of teeth, which form in utero and erupt shortly after birth

Question 10

Diaphyses

Answer 10

The main midsection, or shaft, portions of long bones; each contains a medullary cavity.

Question 11

Epiphyses

Answer 11

The end portions of long bones; once they fuse to the Diaphyses, the bones stop growing longer.

Question 12

Functional adaptations

Answer 12

Biological changed that occur during an individual’s lifetime, increasing the individual’s fitness in the given environment.

Question 13

Growth velocity

Answer 13

The speed with which an organism grows in size, often measured as the amount of growth per year.

Question 14

Homeostasis

Answer 14

The maintenance of the internal environment of an organism within an acceptable range.

Question 15

Homeothermic

Answer 15

Refers to an organism’s ability to maintain a constant body temperature despite great variations in environmental temperature

Question 16

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 16

The presence of high levels of cholesterol in an organism’s blood; this condition may result from the dietary consumption of foods that promote high cholesterol or through the inheritance of a genetic disorder.

Question 17

Hypothermia

Answer 17

A condition in which an organism’s body temperature falls below the normal range, which may lead to the loss of proper body functions and, eventually, death

Question 18

Hypoxia

Answer 18

Less than usual sea-level amount of oxygen in the air or in the body.

Question 19

Intratrauterine

Answer 19

Refers to the area within the uterus

Question 20

Lactation

Answer 20

The production and secretion of milk from a female mammal’s mammary glands, providing a food source to the female’s young

Question 21

Life history

Answer 21

The timing and details of growth events and development events from conception through senescence and death.

Question 22

Macronutrients

Answer 22

Essential chemical nutrients, including fat, carbohydrates, and protein, that a body needs to live and to function normally.

Question 23

Melanin

Answer 23

A brown pigment that determines the darkness or lightness of a humans skin color due to its concentration in the skin.

Question 24

Melanocytes

Answer 24

Melanin-producing cells located in the skins epidermis

Question 25

Menarche

Answer 25

Refers to the onset of menstruation in an adolescent female.

Question 26

Menopause

Answer 26

The cessation of the menstrual cycle, signifying the end of a females ability to bear children.

Question 27

Micronutrients

Answer 27

Essential substances, such as minerals or vitamins, needed in very small amounts to maintain normal bodily functions.

Question 28

Motor skills

Answer 28

Refers to the performance of complex movements and actions that require the control of nerves and muscles

Question 29

Nonmineralized

Answer 29

Refers to bone reduced to its organic component

Question 30

Osteoblasts

Answer 30

Cells responsible for bone formation

Question 31

Osteoclasts

Answer 31

Cells responsible for bone resorption

Question 32

Osteoporosis

Answer 32

The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.

Question 33

Postnatal stage

Answer 33

The second stage of life, beginning with birth, terminating with the shift to the adult stage, and involving substantial increases height, weight, and brain growth and development.

Question 34

Rigidity (bone)

Answer 34

Refers to the strength of the bone to resist bending and torsion

Question 35

Secular trend

Answer 35

A phenotypic change due to multiple factors. Such an trend can be positive (eg. Increased height) or negative (eg. Decreased height)

Question 36

Senescence

Answer 36

Refers to an organism’s biological changes in later adulthood

Question 37

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 37

A difference in a physical attribute between the males and females of species

Question 38

Skin reflectance

Answer 38

Refers to the amount of light reflected from the skin that can be measured and used to assess skin color.

Question 39

Stressors

Answer 39

Any factor that can cause stress in an organism, potentially affecting the body’s proper functioning and it’s homeostasis

Question 40

Sun protection factor (SPF)

Answer 40

The rating calculated by comparing the length of time needed for protected skin to burn to the length of time needed for unprotected skin to burn.

Question 41

Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)

Answer 41

He number of calories used by an organism’s body during a 24-hour period

Question 42

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 42

A disease in which the body does not produce sufficient amounts of insulin or the cells do not use available insulin, causing build up of glucose in the cells.

Question 43

Vasoconstriction

Answer 43

The decrease in blood vessels diameter due to the action of a nerve or of a drug; it can also occur in response to cold temperatures.

Question 44

Vasodilation

Answer 44

The increase in blood vessels diameter due to the action of a nerve of of a drug; it can also occur in response to hot temperatures.

Question 45

Weaning

Answer 45

The process of substituting other foods for the milk produced by the mother

Question 46

Wolff’s Law

Answer 46

The principle that bone is placed in the direction of functional demand; that is, bone develops where needed and recedes where it is not needed