Larsen 4

Question 0

Admixture

Answer 0

The exchange of genetic material between two or more populations

Question 1

Abnormal hemoglobin

Answer 1

Hemoglobin altered so that it is less efficient in binding to and carrying oxygen

Question 2

Balanced polymorphism

Answer 2

Situation in which selection maintains two or more phenotypes for a specific gene in a population.

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

Small blood vessels between the terminal ends of arteries and veins

Question 4

Deme

Answer 4

A local population of organisms that have similar genes, interbreed, and produce offspring.

Question 5

Directional selection

Answer 5

Selection for one allele over the other alleles, causing the allele frequencies to shift in one direction

Question 6

Disruptive selection

Answer 6

Selection for both extremes of the phenotypic distribution; may eventually lead to a speciation event.

Question 7

Endogamous

Answer 7

A population in which individuals breed only with other members of the population

Question 8

Equilibrium

Answer 8

A condition in which the system is stable, balanced, and unchanging

Question 9

Exogamous

Answer 9

Refers to a population in which individuals breed only with non members of their population

Question 10

Fitness

Answer 10

Average number of offspring produced by parents with a particular genotype compared to the number of offspring produced by parents with another genotype.

Question 11

Founder effect

Answer 11

The accumulation of random genetic changes in a small population that has become so isolated from the parent population due to the genetic input of only a few colonizers.

Question 12

Frame shift mutation

Answer 12

The change in gene due to the insertion or deletion of one or more nitrogen bases, which cause the subsequent triplets to be rearranged and the codons to be read incorrectly during translation.

Question 13

Gene pool

Answer 13

All genetic info in the breeding population

Question 14

(G6PD) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Answer 14

An enzyme that aids in proper functioning of red blood cells; its deficiency, a genetic condition, leads to hemolytic anemia.

Question 15

Hardy Weinberg law of equilibrium

Answer 15

A mathematical model in population genetics that reflects the relationship between frequencies of alleles and of genotypes; it can be used to determine whether a population is undergoing evolutionary changes

Question 16

Hemoglobinopathies

Answer 16

A group of related genetic blood diseases characterized by abnormal hemoglobin.

Question 17

Hemolytic anemias

Answer 17

Conditions of insufficient iron in the blood due to the destruction of red blood cells resulting from genetic blood diseases, toxins, or infectious pathogens

Question 18

Huntington’s chorea

Answer 18

A rare genetic disease in which the central nervous system degenerates and the individual loses control over voluntary movements. Symptoms often appear between 30-50

Question 19

Induced mutations

Answer 19

Refers to those mutations in the DNA resulting from exposure to toxic chemicals or radiation.

Question 20

Klinefelters syndrome

Answer 20

A chromosomal trisomy in which makes have an extra X chromosome, resulting in an XXY condition, affected individuals typically have reduced fertility

Question 21

Macroevolution

Answer 21

Large-scale evolution, such as a speciation event, that occurs after hundreds or thousands of generations.

Question 22

Melanic

Answer 22

Refers to an individual with high concentrations of melanin

Question 23

Microevolution

Answer 23

Small-scale evolution, such as changes in allele frequency, that occurs from one generation to the next.

Question 24

Mutagens

Answer 24

Substances, such as toxins, chemicals, or radiation, that may induce genetic mutations.

Question 25

Nonmelanic

Answer 25

Refers to an individual with low concentrations of melanin

Question 26

Nonsynonymous point mutation

Answer 26

A point mutation that creates a triplet coded to produce a different amino acid than that of the original triplet.

Question 27

Point mutations

Answer 27

Replacements of a single nitrogen base with another base, which may or may not affect the amino acids for which the triplet codes.

Question 28

Positive selection

Answer 28

Process in which advantageous genetic variants quickly increase in frequency in a population

Question 29

Reproductive isolation

Answer 29

Any mechanism that prevents two populations from interbreeding and exchanging genetic material.

Question 30

Sickle-cell anemia

Answer 30

A genetic blood disease in which the red blood cells become deformed and sickle shaped, decreasing their ability to carry oxygen to tissues

Question 31

Spontaneous mutation

Answer 31

Random changes in dna that occur during cell division.

Question 32

Stabilizing selection

Answer 32

Selection against the extremes of phenotypic distribution, decreasing the genetic diversity for this trait in the population.

Question 33

Synonymous point mutation

Answer 33

A neutral point mutation that in which the substituted nitrogen base creates a triplet coded to produce the same amino acid as that of the original triplet

Question 34

Thalassemia

Answer 34

A genetic blood disease in which the hemoglobin is improperly synthesized, causing the red blood cells to have a much shorter life span.