large practical Flashcards
Rumen
80 % on left
Reticulum
middel and a Lille left
6-9 ics
Xiphoid region
Abomasum
ventrally in contact with abdominal wall
Cow abdomen percussion
upper third = mild tympanic
Lower 2/3rd = dull
Hoflund syndrom
Something (like an enlarged liver) presses the vagus nerve
Stenosis
bloat
Froathy creamy rumen content
Omasum
6-7 ics deep
Reticulum pain tests
- zone test
- back grip
- Knee to elbow to xiphoid
- Pole test
- pain percussion
Abomasal displacement
Left 90% of time
auscultation = spontaneous tinkling sounds
+ ballotation = splashing
+ percussion = metallic
Horse stomach location
left
10-15 ics
Horse cecum location
right
para lumbar fossa a bit dorsally
Cattle T
38-39
Calf T
38,5-39,5
Sheep and goat T
38,5-39,5
Lamb T
38,5-40
Horse T
37-38
Foal T
37,5-38,5
Pig T
38,5-39,5
Piglet T
39-40
Cattle heart rate
60-80 beats/min
Calf heart rate
70-90 b/min
Horse heart rate
28-42 b/min
Sheep goat and pig heart rate
60-80 b/min
Resp rate Cattle
10-30 breaths/min
Calf Resp rate
20-40 breaths / min
horse Resp rate
10-18 breaths/min
sheep and goat Resp rate
16-30 breaths/min
Pig Resp rate
20-55 breaths/min
Rumen contractions
7-16 in 5 min
Horse palpable Ln
- mandibular
2. superficial inguinal
Horse palpable Ln only when enlarged
- lateral retropharyngeal
- Prescapular
- ileosacral and mesenteric rectally
Cattle palpable Ln
- mandibular
- prescapular
- superficial inguinal
- subiliac
- mammary
cattle palpable Ln only when enlarged
- lateral retropharyngeal
- parotid
- ileosacral and mesenteric rectally
sheep and goat palpable Ln
- prescapular
2. superficial inguinal
swine palpable Ln
superficial inguinal
Normal mucous membrane
pink shiny moist intact smooth
mucosa abnormal colors
pale= anemia yellow=icterus (eq no gall bladder a little is normal) dark red= dehydrated bright red=grass sickness Cherry Red= CO toxicoses Blue= hypoxia cyanosis Chocolate brown = met Hg dirty red= endotoxaemia purple around incisors
heave lines
horizontal lines on the ventral abdomen when abdominal breathing
sign of RAO
Eq stimulated cough
intensive sharp high short dry painless snapping does not recur
Cattle stimulated cough
medium intensive medium deep more dull held dry painless UNsnapping does not recur
way of percussion
back to front
up to down
air filled organs are
resonant
caudal lung border shifted
back and down
Lung emphysema
decreased percussion area of lung borders
distended stomach/intestine/liver
pregnancy
ascites
abdominal tumor
elevation of caudoventral lung border
Pericardial effusion
cardiomegaly
(increased cardiac dullness)
Eq type of breathing
costoabdominal
Ru type of breathing
abdominal
Number of ribs in horse
18
Number of ribs in cattle and sheep and goat
13
Number of ribs in swine
14
Horse lung borders
Tuber coxae = 16
Ischiadic tuber = 14
shoulder = 10
Ru lung borders
Tuber coxae = 11
Ischiadic tuber = 10
shoulder = 8
Swine lung borders
Tuber coxae = 11
Ischiadic tuber = 9
shoulder = 7
Diernhofer triangle
btw caudal border of the heart
and the diaphragm
air filled lung lobe
Feel heart beat of horse
left = 3-6 ics right= 3-4 ics
Feel heart beat of Ru and swine
left 3-5 ics
Horse cardiac dullness
absolute
3-5 ics
Ru cardiac dullness
relative 3-5 ics
Swine cardiac dullness
relative 2-3 ics
enlarged cardiac dullness
cardiac enlargement
cardiac dislocation
pericardial effusion
false enlarged cardiac dullness
dullness in neighboring organs
decreased cardiac dullness
Lung emphysema
sin emphysema
pneumothorax
heart dislocation
pulse location horse
- facial
- transverse facial
- digital
pulse location cattle
- facial
- transverse facial
- Coccygeal
pulse location small Ru
Femoral
pulse location swine
- Caudal auricular
2. Coccygeal
pulse deficit
heart rate not equal pulse rate (should be same)
Cattle bloat symptoms
dyspnoe mouth breathing tongue protruding extended head frequent urination
Eq punta maxima
Pulmonary valve = Left 3rd ics
Aortic valve = Left 4th ics
Mitral valve = Left 5th ics
Tricuspid valve = Right 4th ics
cattle punta maxima
Pulmonary valve = Left 2-3rd ics
Aortic valve = Left 3-4th ics
Mitral valve = Left 4th ics
Tricuspid valve = Right 3rd ics
Eq large colon location
ventral left abdomen
Eq small colon location
dorsal left abdomen (above large colon)
Horner syndrome
Ptosis Myosis enophtalmus sweating around eye lacrimation
Eq neuro FL tests
hopping test
crossing legs placement test
wide stance placement test
Neck neuro check
comme les étirements avec Léo
Trunk neuro test
Panniculus test
push horse laterally both sides at withers
HL neuro test
walk in a straight line with someone pulling on the tail to the side
Eq mental status
BAR
bright
alert
responsive
Cranial nerve 1
Olfactorius
food
Cranial nerve 2
Opticus
Obstacle
Menace test
Cranial nerve 3
Oculomotorius
mvmt and position of eyeball
Cranial nerve 4
Trochlaeris
Cranial nerve 5
Trigeminus
palpebral reflex
fingers in ears and nose-reaction
Cranial nerve 6
abducens
Cranial nerve 7
Facialis symmetry of face menace test palpebral corneal reflex
Cranial nerve 8
Vestibullocochlear
head tilt
noise reaction
Cranial nerve 9
glossopharyngeal
Cranial nerve 10
vagus
Cranial nerve 11
accessorius
check neck muscles
Cranial nerve 12
hypoglossus
pull out tongue check tone
able to pull it back in mouth
check neck and spine eq
étirements comme avec Léo
walk the horse with head held high (another person)
ataxia scale
1-5 3=moderate 4=drunk 5=recumbant from stage 3 do not perform tests !
P wave
Atrial depolarization (contraction)
PR interval
from AV to Bundle of His
increased = heart block
R R interval
Rythm
QRS complex
Ventricular depolarisation
increase = ventricular escape rhythm crated by AV instead of SA node
QT interval
if increased = ventricular tachycardia
ST interval
elevation above line = heart attack
Depression below line = ischemia
T wave
Ventricular repolarisation
