Large intestines I Flashcards
What is the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?
Diverticulosis is an outpouching. Diverticulitis is inflammation of that outpouching
What is the pathogenesis of diverticula?
Focal weakness in colonic wall, coupled with increased luminal pressure
What is the usual presentation of someone with diverticula?
Asymptomatic
What are the acquired form of diverticula?
Composed of mucosa, submucosa, with absent muscularis propria
What is the most common site of diverticula?
Sigmoid colon
Near what structures do diverticula usually form?
Mesenteric vessels d/t weakness in the wall of the intestines
What happens to the peristaltic contractions in with diverticula?
Overexaggerated
What are the three common causes of BRBPR?
Angiodysplasia
Diverticulitis
Hemorrhoids
What is the radiological findings of diverticula?
Sawtooth like appearance
What can happen if feces is stuck in one of the diverticula?
Fecalith can cause inflammation
What are the complications of diverticular disease?
Gross perforation
Abscesses
Fistulas
Peritonitis (if rupture)
Where do intestinal obstructions usually occur?
Small bowel
What are the causes of intestinal obstruction? (4)
Hernia
Adhesions
Intussusception
Volvulus
What are the three pseudo-obstruction causes?
Paralytic ileus
Vascular (bowel infarction)
Myopathies and neuropathies
What is the problem with hernias?
can becomes strangulated or incarcerated
True or false: volvulus is a medical emergency
True
Direct inguinal hernias occur where?
Hesselbach’s triangle
What are the border’s of hesselbach’s triangle?
Inguinal ligament
Inferior epigastric a
Lateral margin of the rectus sheath
What are indirect inguinal hernias?
Those that pass through the inguinal canal
What is the treatment for hernias?
Surgery with mesh
What is the cause of umbilical hernias?
Weakness of the rectus abdominus
Prego
What is diastasis recti?
Weakness of the rectus abdominus–usually presents in infants, and resolves on its own
What are adhesions?
Fibrous bridges between bowel segments or abdominal wall
What can cause adhesions?
Surgery
Infection/inflammation
What is the problems with adhesions?
Viscera may slide between the fibrous areas, it can become incarcerated an infarct
Where in infants does intussusception occur?
Small bowel
What causes the death of the intestines with intussusception?
Infarction secondary to vessel blockage
What does intussusception signify in adults?
Intraluminal mass or tumors as potin of traction
What is the cause of intestinal death with a volvulus?
Cut off blood supply
Where do volvuli usually occur?
SB in infants
SB and LB in adults
Why is it that the left side is more susceptible to obstruction?
Stool is harder and has lower water content
How does malabsorption usually present?
Diarrhea and steatorrhea