LARE Definitions-S1

Question 1

Addenda

Answer 1

Written or graphic instruments issued to clarify, revise, add to, or delete information in the procurement documents or in previous addenda. Typically, these are issued before the opening of bids/proposals.

Question 2

Allowance

Answer 2

An allowance is a specified monetary sum, a specified quantity, or time not otherwise defined by the specifications and drawings, but which the contractor is required to include in the bid or price. Two types of allowance are cash allowance and quantity allowance.

Question 3

Alternate

Answer 3

A defined portion of the work that is priced separately and thus provides an option for the owner in determining the final scope of the project. This will provide the owner with a choice between different products, or it can define the addition or deletion of a portion of the work.

Question 4

Landscape Architect Supplemental Instructions:

Answer 4

Minor changes in the work are defined as instructions or interpretations not involving adjustment to the contract sum or time. Such changes are made by the architect supplemental instructions directing the contractor to make stated modifications. The architects supplemental instruction does not require the owners signature.

Question 5

Basis of Payment

Answer 5

The three bases of payment are stipulated sum, unit price, and
cost-plus fee.

Question 6

Bid

Answer 6

An offer to perform a contract for work or supply materials or goods at a specific price. A ___is a response to a solicitation such as an invitation to bid or an advertisement for bid.

Question 7

Bid Bond

Answer 7

This bond is to protect the owner from losing the benefit of an accepted bid. The ___ bond is provided by the bidder at the time of bid and is submitted with the bid. The ___ bond generally provides for a penal amount expressed either in dollars or as a percentage of the total amount of the bid. In the event that the selected bidder fails or refuses to enter into a contract for the price that was bid, the surety is obligated to pay the owners damages up to the penal amount of the bid bond.

Question 8

Bid Form

Answer 8

The bid process requires a bid form that is prepared as a document that the bidder will submit to the owner.

Question 9

Binding Arbitration

Answer 9

he parties to the contract select a neutral arbitrator or panel of arbitrators and the matter is submitted for a decision.

Question 10

Certificate of Substantial Completion

Answer 10

If, after this inspection, the A/E agrees that the project is substantially complete , the A/E prepares a certificate of substantial completion. This certificate includes the date of substantial completion, identification ofthe substantially complete portion of the project, and responsibilities of the contractor and the owner for utilities, maintenance, security, insurance, and damage to the project. The certificate of substantial completion also includes the specified time limit for the contractor to complete outstanding items of work.

Question 11

Change Directive

Answer 11

Directs the contractor to make a change to the project before the owner and contractor have agreed upon the proposed changes in contract sum or time. Change directives are used in the absence of an agreement between the owner and the contractor on the terms of a change order or when the value of a change cannot be determined until after the work is performed.

Question 12

Change Order

Answer 12

a written instruction to the contractor issued after execution of the agreement. It authorizes an addition, deletion, or revision to the project in consideration of an adjustment in the contract sum, contract time, or both. A _____ is used for changes to the contract documents that affect contract sum or time.

Question 13

Change Order Request

Answer 13

A change order request may be used by the contractor to initiate proposed changes that the contractor deems necessary.

Question 14

Closeout Meeting

Answer 14

Used to review requirements for the completion of the contract and to obtain submittal of the necessary final documents. Separate meetings may be required for substantial completion, final completion, and warranty inspections.

Question 15

Closeout Submittals

Answer 15

A written notices of substantial and final completion (prepared by the contractor) and delivered to the A/E, indicating when the contractor believes these milestones are reached. Final application for payment; record documents (shop drawings, record drawings and specifications, addenda, change orders, field orders, photographs); O&M data; spare parts and extra stock materials; certificates of payment; release of liens and waiver of debts and claims; consent of surety to final payment; special warranties; and keying.

Question 16

Competitive Bidding

Answer 16

It is a method of determining the lowest cost for accomplishing work defined by the procurement documents. The objective of bidding is to ensure that the cost of the project is reasonable and consistent with prevailing conditions in the construction industry.

Question 17

Conditions of the Contract

Answer 17

General conditions have wide applicability to almost all projects and are available as standardized documents that are prepared by various professional associations.

Question 18

Construction Documents

Answer 18

These include two major groups of documents: Procurement documents and contract documents.

Question 19

Construction Management

Answer 19

The process of professional management applied to a construction project from conception to completion for controlling project time, cost, and extent. The construction manager as advisor (CMa) is employed by the owner to act as an adviser. The construction manager as contractor (CMc) is engaged to provide construction. The construction manager may provide construction expertise, estimating, and scheduling services. The construction manager may perform contracting, purchasing, and supervising of construction by guaranteeing the cost of the project and signing subcontracts, in which case the construction manager acts as a contractor andnot an adviser.

Question 20

Contingency Allowance

Answer 20

The negotiated cost should include contingency allowances for unforeseen circumstances due to the incomplete nature of the information available at the time of negotiations. This contingency amount should be documented so that it may be returned to the owner if not spent.

Question 21

Contractor’s Punch List

Answer 21

When the contractor considers that the work, or a portion thereof that the owner agrees to accept separately, is substantially complete, the contractor shall prepare and submit to the A/E a comprehensive list of items to be completed or corrected. The contractor is required by the AIA and EJCDC general conditions to prepare what is commonly referred to as a punch list.

Question 22

Cost Plus Fee

Answer 22

Cost of the actual direct expense of construction work plus a fee for overhead and profit usually based on partially completed construction documents for a defined scope of work. The fee can be fixed, a percentage of the actual direct cost, or some other arrangement.

Question 23

Design Development

Answer 23

This phase follows the ownerss approval of the schematic design and any necessary program or budget adjustments. The emphasis shifts from overall relationships and functions to more technical issues of constructability and integration of systems and components. Aesthetic concerns move from massing and arrangement to materials, surfaces, and details.

Question 24

Design Team

Answer 24

Works with the owner to determine the design requirements, design the project, produce the construction documents, and administer the construction contract. The design team participants also review submittals and substitution requests before and after award of the construction contract. The design team is responsible for addressing planning issues, product research and selection, code research and compliance, quality control and assurance reviews, and construction contract administration.

Question 25

Design-Bid-Build

Answer 25

The traditional method of moving a project from conception to completion. It is a linear sequence of activities generally occurring in the following order: project conception, design (including schematic and design development) construction documents, competitive bidding, and then construction. The basis of this delivery method is that design is completed prior to bidding/pricing and construction.

Question 26

Design-Build

Answer 26

he owner contracts with a single entity for the complete design and construction of a project. The design-builder may consist of one or more firms associated in a variety of ways. Regardless of its composition, the design-builder provides complete design service and performs the construction under a single contract with the owner.

Question 27

Details

Answer 27

Show more specific information about a portion of a project component or element than can be provided by smaller-scale drawings.

Question 28

Dispute

Answer 28

Claim that cannot be resolved by the parties to the construction contract without the intervention of an independent third party.

Question 29

Division 01—General Requirements

Answer 29

The General Requirements in Division 01 of the specifications specify administrative requirements, procedural requirements, and temporary facilities and controls. Division 01 sections govern the work specified in Divisions 02-49.

Question 30

Drawings

Answer 30

Graphic and textual information organized on a two-dimensional surface for the purpose of conveying data about a specific portion of a project. Drawings convey design intent and may show multiple views, either of the whole project or of its parts. Drawings indicate relationships between elements and may show the following for each material, assembly, component, and accessory: location, identification, dimension and size, details, and diagrams of connections, shape, and form.

Question 31

Drawings (Contract)

Answer 31

Graphic representations of the work upon which the contract is based. They show location, materials, dimensions, size, interrelationships of materials, details of connections, and shape and form.

Question 32

Facility Life Cycle

Answer 32

The life cycle of a facility, from concept through construction, to use and eventual deconstruction (demolition), follows a number of stages: project conception, bidding / negotiating / purchasing, construction, and facility management.

Question 33

Final Inspection

Answer 33

Provides verification by the A/E that the contractor has satisfactorily performed all the identified tasks and corrected any deficiencies on the final punch list.

Question 34

General Conditions

Answer 34

defines the basic rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties associated in the construction of a project.

Question 35

Inspections (Contractor)

Answer 35

The standard owner-contractor agreements require the contractor to make inspections and to arrange for certain other inspections.

Question 36

Invitation to Bid

Answer 36

Intended to attract qualified bidders and to help prospective bidders decide whether to obtain the procurement documents.

Question 37

Liquidated Damages

Answer 37

Usually a fixed monetary amount per day, deducted from monies due the contractor for failure to substantially complete the work within a stipulated time or by a stated calendar date. Some form of documentation is desirable to substantiate the potential loss from delay of completion. If the amount for liquidated damages is not based upon financial loss and is an excessive arbitrary amount, disproportionate to the value of the performance, it might be considered a penalty and become unenforceable.

Question 38

Lump Sum

Answer 38

A lump-sum price (sometimes called stipulated sum) is an agreed amount for a described extent of work, based upon complete or partially complete construction documents. This is the simplest method of stating the basis of payment, wherein a single amount is agreed upon for completion of the entire contract.

Question 39

Outline Specifications

Answer 39

Aid in the design process and are the basis for revising cost estimates, schedules, and value analysis studies. They also serve as a checklist for the project team when selecting products and methods during development of the project manual. They are a means of communication among members of the project team and between the team and the owner. Outline specifications help control the decision making process and encourage clarity in the construction documents. The use of well- prepared outline specifications reduces the potential for design changes at later stages and the consequent inefficient use of design team time. Outline specifications can also be useful for the coordination of terminology between drawings and specifications.

Question 40

PART

Answer 40

One of the three groups of related information that make up a section (GENERAL, PRODUCTS, and EXECUTION).

Question 41

PART 1 GENERAL

Answer 41

Describes administrative, procedural, and temporary requirements unique to the section. PART 1 is an extension of subjects covered in Division 01 and amplifies information unique to the section.

Question 42

PART 2 PRODUCTS

Answer 42

Describes products, materials, equipment, fabrications, mixes, systems, and assemblies that are required for incorporation into the project. Materials and products are included with their quality requirements.

Question 43

PART 3 EXECUTION

Answer 43

Describes installation or application, including preparatory actions and post installation cleaning and protection. Site-built assemblies and site-manufactured products and systems are included.

Question 44

Pre-bid Meeting

Answer 44

Normally convened at the site, allows the owner, A/E, and consultants to orient the prospective contractors to conditions affecting the project. The owner may make attendance a mandatory condition of bidding.

Question 45

Preliminary Project Description (PPD)

Answer 45

Preparing the preliminary project description requires the design team to think the project through and document decisions and design criteria in broad terms. Changes can be made during development of the document and throughout subsequent refinement and value analysis stages, without disrupting the ongoing design process. The document should include information suitable for preliminary cost estimates, time schedules, and initial value analysis studies. The emphasis of the preliminary project description is on describing the physical requirements of the project, but it should not be considered as the first step in preparing the project specifications. Identification of actual materials to be used is often tentative and may change during later phases of design.

Question 46

Procurement Documents

Answer 46

They are used to solicit pricing in the form of bids or proposals from prospective contractors.

The documents used to obtain pricing from prospective contractors are referred to as the procurement documents and are based on the project delivery method selected. In a competitive bidding process the documents used for bidding. In a negotiating process the documents are used forÂ

developing proposals.

Question 47

Procurement Requirements

Answer 47

Instruct the bidders or proposers about the established procedures for preparing and submitting their bids or proposals. Procurement requirements are addressed to prospective bidders or proposers interested in the project. Although not necessarily part of a contract, the procurement requirements are usually bound with other written construction documents into a project manual. Typically, procurement requirements include the following documents: solicitation, instructions for procurement, available information including resource drawings, procurement forms and supplements, and addenda (as applicable to procurement).

Question 48

Progress Meetings

Answer 48

Concern the progress of the work. They provide a forum in which matters pertinent to the timely completion of the work can be discussed. The frequency and length of progress meetings depend on the extent of the project and the project delivery method.

Question 49

Project Conception Stage (Life Cycle)

Answer 49

Consists of activities that transform the needs or aspirations of the owner into a clear concept upon which the project can be designed and built. Project conception is the stage in the facility life cycle in which an owner’s needs and requirements are identified, preliminary studies are performed, a site is selected, and a preliminary budget and schedule are established.

Question 50

Proposal

Answer 50

Offer from one entity to another, of terms and conditions with reference to some work, which if accepted can form a contract. A ________implies an opportunity for more consideration by the recipient and is sometimes utilized when project cost or other conditions will be determined by negotiation. A _______ is usually in response to a request for proposal.

Question 51

Proposal Request

Answer 51

A _________ _________ is a written document, usually prepared by the A/E, that describes a proposed change to the project. The_________ _________ is sent to the contractor for evaluation of how the proposed change will affect the contract sum and time.

Question 52

Punch Lists

Answer 52

Lists of items requiring correction or completion by the contractor. The initial punch list is prepared by the contractor prior to requesting substantial completion. During the A/E inspection to determine substantial completion, the A/E prepares a supplemental punch list. These two punch lists combined are the final punch list.

Question 53

Qualification Statements

Answer 53

It is common for specifications to require qualification statements from fabricators, erectors, and installers. These statements are used by the A/E to determine that the company doing the work is qualified. These qualification statements may consist of a description of the companys experience, along with a list of past projects and references. The specifications may require certification by a material supplier that the installer has been trained and is qualified to install the particular material or system.

Question 54

Resource Drawings

Answer 54

Drawings provided during the procurement stage that generally show existing conditions such as roads, buildings, and current construction circumstances. These may be drawings that were prepared for the construction of existing facilities. Drawings of this nature rarely show exact as-built conditions and may be record drawings from the previous contractor. Resource drawings are generally furnished for reference only and are not contract documents.

Question 55

Schematic Design

Answer 55

During schematic design, site plan and area relationships may be defined; the general size, shape, and massing of the elements determined; elevations and exterior finishes established; and conceptual design criteria for structural,mechanical, and electrical systems identified. Written documents usually consist of preliminary project descriptions and preliminary cost projections.

Question 56

Specifications:

Answer 56

Written requirements which define the qualitative requirements for products, materials, workmanship, and administrative requirements upon which the project is based. (PRM 5.5) Specifications may include illustrations.

Question 57

Substantial Completion

Answer 57

The point at which the project is sufficiently complete for the owner to occupy or utilize the facility for its intended use. The date of substantial completion is established by the A/E and documented by the issuance of a certificate of substantial completion. At substantial completion, the owner (or the facility manager on behalf of the owner) typically assumes responsibility for routine maintenance, utilities, security, property insurance, and liability for the facility and its adjacent grounds.

Question 58

Supplementary Condition

Answer 58

The requirements of the general conditions can be modified or expanded in the supplementary conditions to accommodate specific project Conditions, owners requirements, or unusual aspects relating to the roles, rights, duties, and responsibilities of the parties to the contract for construction. Supplementary conditions are not standard for every project and must be prepared based on requirements of the specific project.

Question 59

Unit Price

Answer 59

Price stipulated or quoted for a single, specified unit of work. Unit prices are useful where the type of work is defined, but the extent of the work is not known or is likely to change. Unit prices are also utilized when quantity allowances are specified, providing a means of adjusting the contract sum once the full extent of the work becomes known.

Question 60

Value Analysis

Answer 60

(also called value-enhanced design or value engineering): Process of evaluating documented design to identify potential alternative methods, systems, or materials that will benefit the owner by enhancing the life cycle value of the project. To be effective, it requires a high level of cooperation among project participants, each of whom can contribute valuable perspective in achieving the most effective design for the owner’s requirements.