Language (thinking, language & intelligence) Flashcards
What happens at the 1st stage?
crying
What happens at 2-3 months?
cooing –> vowel sounds
What happens at 6 months?
babbling –> phonemes
What happens at 8 months?
sound set from native language
What happens at 1 yr old and what can this language development cause (2 things)?
whole words : “mama” =
- overextension: apply word to too-broad class of objects/actions
- underextension: apply words to too-small class of objects
What happens at 18-20 months old?
2-word phrases : give ball
What happens at 2 yrs old?
short 3+ word sentences, telegraphic speech
what are the 2 factors of grammar development?
- overregulation errors : “goed”, “doed”
- child has learned new grammatical rule, over time learns where it applies
What are the 2 theories of Language Development?
- Learning theory
- Nativist position (Chomsky)
What are the Learning theory factors? (2)
- acquire through reinforcement –> parents reward correct speech, criticize incorrect speech = shaping
- also imitation (modeling; Brodura’s view)
What are the factors of the Nativist position? (4)
- born with “hard-wire language acquisition device” (LAD) in the brain, but not found yet
- universal grammar –> set of innate principles common to all human languages
- evidence –> errors kids make (i. e. never say “want my” or “I cookie”
- newer theory: interactionist
Do animals communicate? If yes, what are some examples?
- YES!
- ex. : bees “dance”, prairie dogs call, caribbean reef squid uses a variety of color/texture to their skin associated to inmates
Can animals communicate with in OUR language? If so, what animals? What does it suggest?
- YES!
- Chimpanzee –> Washoe was taught American Sign Language in 1967
- critics –? operant conditioning only
- but: chimps spontaneously using ASL among themselves
- Bonobos –> Kanzi (1980’s)
- learned lexigrams through watching mother modelling
- suggests that language isn’t unique to humans
