Language for Psychologists part 2 Flashcards
Front: What are the present tense conjugations of the verb “Estar”?
Yo estoy
Tú estás
Él/Ella/Usted está
Nosotros/as estamos
Vosotros/as estáis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes están
Example:
“¿Cómo estás?” → “Estoy muy bien, gracias.” (How are you? → I’m very well, thanks.)
When do we use the verb “Estar”?
To describe temporary states or emotions
“Estoy cansado/a.” → (I am tired.)
“Está feliz hoy.” → (He/She is happy today.)
To indicate location
“¿Dónde está la clínica?” → (Where is the clinic?)
“El libro está en la mesa.” → (The book is on the table.)
How do we ask and answer questions about location using “Estar”?
Singular: “¿Dónde está el hospital?” → “El hospital está en la ciudad.” (The hospital is in the city.)
Plural: “¿Dónde están los libros?” → “Los libros están en la estantería.” (The books are on the shelf.)
What are some common location adverbs used with “Estar”?
Aquí (here)
Ahí (there, nearby)
Allí (there, farther)
Encima de (on top of)
Debajo de (underneath)
Cerca de (near)
Lejos de (far from)
Example:
“El coche está debajo del árbol.” → (The car is under the tree.)
What is the difference between “Hay” and “Estar”?
“Hay” (from Haber) expresses existence:
“Hay un hospital en la ciudad.” → (There is a hospital in the city.)
“Estar” expresses location:
“El hospital está en el centro.” → (The hospital is downtown.)
How do you use “Haber” (Hay) in questions?
To ask if something exists:
“¿Dónde hay una farmacia?” → (Where is there a pharmacy?)
To ask about quantity:
“¿Cuántos libros hay?” → (How many books are there?)
What are the present tense conjugations of the verb “Tener”?
Yo tengo
Tú tienes
Él/Ella/Usted tiene
Nosotros/as tenemos
Vosotros/as tenéis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tienen
Example:
“Tengo una pregunta.” → (I have a question.)
When do we use “Tener”?
To show possession:
“Tengo un examen mañana.” → (I have an exam tomorrow.)
To express physical states:
“Tengo hambre.” → (I am hungry.)
“Tienes frío?” → (Are you cold?)
What are some common expressions with “Tener”?
Tener hambre → To be hungry
Tener sed → To be thirsty
Tener frío → To be cold
Tener calor → To be hot
Tener razón → To be right
Tener prisa → To be in a hurry
Example:
“Tengo mucho frío.” → (I am very cold.)
What are some common adverbs of frequency in Spanish?
Siempre (Always)
Normalmente (Normally)
A veces (Sometimes)
Casi nunca (Almost never)
Nunca (Never)
Example:
“Siempre hago mi tarea antes de cenar.” → (I always do my homework before dinner.)
What is the difference between “Tener,” “Haber,” and “Estar”?
Tener → Used for possession or physical states
“Tengo un coche.” → (I have a car.)
“Tienes frío.” → (You are cold.)
Haber (Hay) → Used to express existence
“Hay una silla en la habitación.” → (There is a chair in the room.)
“Hay mucha gente aquí.” → (There are many people here.)
Estar → Used for location and states
“Las sillas están aquí.” → (The chairs are here.)
“El baño está arriba.” → (The bathroom is upstairs.)
What are eating disorders in spanish
trastornos de la alimentación
What are the three most common types of eating disorders?
Anorexia nerviosa
Bulimia nerviosa
Trastorno por atracón (Binge-eating disorder)
What are the main symptoms of Anorexia Nerviosa?
Restricted eating (alimentación restringida)
Excessive exercise (ejercicio excesivo)
Extreme thinness (delgadez extrema)
Fear of gaining weight (miedo a subir de peso)
Distorted body image (imagen corporal distorsionada)
What are the main symptoms of Bulimia Nerviosa?
Episodes of binge eating (atracones de comida)
Vomiting, laxatives, fasting (vómitos, laxantes, ayuno)
Sore throat (dolor de garganta)
Digestive problems (problemas digestivos)
Severe dehydration (deshidratación grave)
How are eating disorders treated?
Psychotherapy (Psicoterapia)
Medical check-ups (Atención y controles médicos)
Nutritional counseling (Asesoramiento nutricional)
Medication (Medicamentos)
What is the difference between “Tener”, “Haber”, and “Estar”?
Tener → Possession or physical states
Tengo hambre. (I am hungry.)
Haber (Hay) → Existence
Hay un problema con la comida. (There is a problem with food.)
Estar → Location and temporary states
Estoy cansado después de comer. (I am tired after eating.)
What is schizophrenia (esquizofrenia)?
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects:
Thinking (pensar)
Feeling (sentir)
Behavior (comportarse)
What are the three main categories of schizophrenia symptoms?
Psychotic symptoms (síntomas psicóticos) → Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking.
Negative symptoms (síntomas negativos) → Social withdrawal, loss of motivation, lack of emotional expression.
Cognitive symptoms (síntomas cognitivos) → Memory issues, attention problems, difficulty organizing thoughts.
What are examples of psychotic symptoms?
Alucinaciones (Hallucinations) → Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not real.
Delirios (Delusions) → Strong false beliefs, paranoia.
Trastorno del pensamiento (Disorganized thinking) → Illogical speech, confusion.
Trastorno del movimiento (Movement disorder) → Unusual or repetitive movements.
What are examples of negative symptoms?
Aislamiento social (Social withdrawal)
Pérdida de motivación (Loss of motivation)
Poca energía (Low energy)
Hablar con voz apagada (Speaking in a dull voice)
No mostrar expresiones (Lack of facial expressions)
What are examples of cognitive symptoms?
Problemas para procesar información (Problems processing information)
Problemas de memoria (Memory problems)
Problemas de atención (Attention problems)
Dificultad para organizar ideas (Difficulty organizing thoughts)
What are the possible causes of schizophrenia?
Genetic component (Componente genético) → Schizophrenia may be hereditary, but it is not the only factor.
Environmental factors (Factores ambientales) → Stress, trauma, or social isolation.
Brain structure & function (Estructura y función del cerebro) → Differences in brain size and neural connections.
How is schizophrenia treated?
Antipsychotic medications (Medicamentos antipsicóticos) → Reduce symptoms.
Psychosocial therapy (Terapia psicosocial) → Helps with daily challenges.
Family support & education (Apoyo y educación familiar) → Helps loved ones understand the disorder.
