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Eng 211 > Language Files Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Language Files Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Adjective

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the comparative suffix -er or the suffix -ness can be added

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2
Q

Adjunct

A

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier

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3
Q

Adverb

A

The name of a lexical category and a sytactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc.

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4
Q

Agreement

A

The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence (e.g. a verb its subject) must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender etc.

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5
Q

Ambiguity

A

The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form (e.g. a word or a string of words) can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. The form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous

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6
Q

Argument

A

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence in some other expression occurs in that sentence as well If the occurrene of an expression X in a sentence requires the occurrence of an expression Y in that sentence, we say that Y is an argment of X

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7
Q

Cleft

A

A type of sentence that has the general form It is/was X that Y

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8
Q

Complement

A

A non-subject argument of some expression

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9
Q

Conjunct

A

An argument of a coordinating conjunction such as and or or

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10
Q

Co-Occurrence

A

The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

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11
Q

Determiner

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase.

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12
Q

Ditransitive Verb

A

The name of a syntactic caategory that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase. A verb that needs two noun phrase complements

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13
Q

Grammatical

A

A term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules. When some phrasal expression is constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language we say it is grammatical or syntactically well-formed

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14
Q

GrammaticalityJudgment

A

An instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language

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15
Q

Homophony

A

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non-phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same

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16
Q

Intransitive Verb

A

The name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

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17
Q

Lexical Ambiguity

A

The phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

18
Q

Lexical Entry

A

A representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properites within a descriptive grammar of some language. A colleciton of lexical entries constitutes the lexicon. A lexical entry has the form f to x where f is the form of osme particular lexical expression and X is its syntactic category

19
Q

Lexical Expression

A

A linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

20
Q

Lexicon

A

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological

21
Q

Linguistic Expression

A

A piece of language with a form, a meaning and syntactic properites

22
Q

Morphosyntax

A

The name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

23
Q

Noun Adjunct

A

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun

24
Q

Noun Phrase

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

25
Q

Object

A

A noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English

26
Q

Phrasal Expression

A

A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions A multi-word linguistic expression. A sentence is a special kind of pharasal xpression

27
Q

Phrase Structure rule

A

A recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories

28
Q

Phrase Structure Tree

A

A visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules

29
Q

Preposition

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, ith etc.

30
Q

Prepositional Phrase

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase

31
Q

Principle of Compositionality

A

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

32
Q

Structural Ambiguity

A

The phenomenon where a single string of words or morphemes is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression

33
Q

Subject

A

An expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase, that occurs to the left of the v erb phrase in an English sentence

34
Q

Syntactic Category

A

A group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. All expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

35
Q

Topicalization

A

A syntactic process by which in english a syntactic constituent occurs the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion

36
Q

Transitive Verb

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

37
Q

Ungrammatical

A

Not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules. When some phrasal expression is not constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language

38
Q

Verb Phrase

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence

39
Q

Verb Phrase Adjunct

A

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase

40
Q

Visual-Gestural Language

A

Language with a signed modality (produced with gestures of the hands, arms, and face an interpreted visually

Eng 211 (7 decks)

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