Language Files Chapter 3

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of the distribution of sounds in a language and the interactions between those different sounds

Question 2

Phonotactic constraints

Answer 2

Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds

Question 3

Noncontrastive

Answer 3

Term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language

Question 4

Distribution

Answer 4

The set of phonetic environments in which distrubtion occurs

Question 5

Contrastive Distribution

Answer 5

The two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment

Question 6

Minimal pair

Answer 6

a pair of words whose pronunciations differ by exactly one sound and have different meanings

Question 7

Alternation

Answer 7

A difference between two or more phonetic forms that you might otherwise expect to be related

Question 8

Complementary distribution

Answer 8

Sounds that are considered to be allophones of the same phoneme

Question 9

Free variation

Answer 9

Sounts that are interchangeable in word-final position

Question 10

Phonological Rules

Answer 10

The mapping between phonemic and phonetic elements

Question 11

Conditioning Environments

Answer 11

Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change

Question 12

Contrastive

Answer 12

Term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language

Question 13

Derivation

Answer 13

In phonology a process by which an underlying form is change as phonological rules act upon it.

Question 14

Dissimilation

Answer 14

Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature

Question 15

Environment

Answer 15

The contexts that immediately precede and follow a sound

Question 16

Implicational law

Answer 16

observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication

Question 17

Insertion

Answer 17

Phonologica process by which a segment not present in the phonemic form is added in the phonetic form

Question 18

metathesis

Answer 18

Switching of the order of two sounds each taking the place of the other

Question 19

Natural Class

Answer 19

Group of sounds in a language that satisfy a given description to the exclusion of other sounds in that language.

Question 20

Near Minimal pair

Answer 20

Similar to a minimal pair, but whereas the words in a minimal pair are identical apart from the contrastive sounds, the words in a near-minimal pair are only almost identical apart from the contrastive sounds

Question 21

Optional Rule

Answer 21

Phonological, morphological or syntactic rule that may or may not apply in an individuals speech

Question 22

Overlapping distribuiton

Answer 22

The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments

Question 23

Palatalization

Answer 23

A process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid front vowels

Question 24

Phoneme

Answer 24

A class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound

Question 25

Sibilant

Answer 25

A member of the natural class of sounds that are characterized by a high-pitched hissing quality