Language Disorders (From Praxis book) Flashcards
2 explanations for children with SLI
- SLI represents normal variation in linguistic skills and children with SLI are at the lower end of the continuum of language skills.
- SLI is due to deficits in cognitive, auditory, perceptual, and intellectual functions that underlie language.
CP
A group of symptoms associated with brain-injury in still-developing children.
Subtypes of CP
ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
Spastic CP
Which type of CP?
- disturbed balance, awkward gait, uncoordinated movements
- due to cerebellar damage
Ataxic CP
Which type of CP?
-increased spasticity (increased tone, rigidity of muscles) as well as still, abrupt, jerky, slow movements
-Due to damage to motor cortex or direct motor pathway
Most common
Spastic CP
Which type of CP?
- slow writhing involuntary movements
- Damage to indirect motor pathways, especially basal ganglia
Atheoid CP
Hemiplegia
one side of body is paralyzed
Paraplegia
only legs and lower trunk are paralyzed
Monoplegia
only one limb is paralyzed
Diplegia
2 legs or two arms are paralyzed
Language problems related to physical and Social-environmental factors
Limited access to healthcare, low socioeconomic status and low educational levels of caretakers are associated with limited early language experience for children.
Factor most highly related to socioeconomic status is mothers educational level.
What is more critical to language development than ethnic background?
Socioeconomic status
What factor is most highly related to socioeconomic status?
education level of mother
Token Type Ratios definition
Represents variety of different words used by a child
Late talkers
-significant expressive delay at 24-36 months of age
treatment focus should be on _____________ and _____________,
academic
social language
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Basic Behavioral Techniques
- Supported by evidence
- Example: Instruction, modeling prompting, shaping, manual guidance, fading, immediate response contingent feedback
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Discrete Trial Procedure
- Useful when skills have to be shaped or established
- Not efficient for generalization
-Example: Stimulus, question, model, reinforcement, feedback, records response, waits a few seconds before initiating next trial.
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Expansion
Clinician expands telegraphic or incomplete utterance into more grammatically complete utterance.
Example: Child says “doggy bark”
Clinician says” yes, the doggy is barking”
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Extension
-Clinician comments on child’s utterances and adds new and relevant information.
-Example: Child says “Play ball”
Clinician says “ Yes, you are playing with a big, red, plastic ball that bounses”
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Focused Stimulation
-Clinician repeatedly models a target structure to stimulate the child to use it, done during play and generally one target is focused on at a time.
-Example: Target: -s
Clinician says :There are two balls. The boys are playing.”
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Joint Routines or interactions
- Routinized, repetitive activities used to stimulate language
- Example: peek-a-boo
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Rescasting
Recasting limited productions into longer or syntactically different forms to teach grammatical form.
Specific Treatment Techniques:
Parallel Talk
Clinician plays with child and describes and comments upon what the child is doing and the objects the child is interested in.
Specific Treatment Techniques:
milieu teaching
A group of evidence based techniques that teach functional communication through typical, everyday verbal interactions utilizing behavioral techniques in naturalistic settings.
