Early Language (from Praxis book)

Question 1

what stage of pragmatic development is between birth-8-months, adults inferencing communicative intent from unintentional, vegetative behaviors such as the infant’s cough or burp?

Answer 1

perlocutionary stage (pg.80)

Question 2

what stage is between 8-12 months, use of gestures and vocalizations but no words to express intentions to communicate, infants show objects and shortly after give objects over t adults to initiate interactions, infants use rituals and pointing

Answer 2

illocutionary stage (pg. 80)

Question 3

what stage is between 12 months and beyond, use words to express intentions to communicate, gestures and other nonverbal behaviors become integrated with spoken language

Answer 3

locutionary state (pg.80)

Question 4

____ refers to deleting already said information even if it results in an ungrammatical sentences

Answer 4

-ellipsis (pg.81)

Question 5

____ are words or gestures that rely on context to glean their meaning

Answer 5

• deixis (pg.81)

- such as pointing and using personal or other pronouns (this, that, here, there)

Question 6

_______ such as saying “ball” for “moon” indicates that a child thinks a word’s meaning is more broadly applied

Answer 6

overgeneralization (pg.85)

Question 7

____ such as only saying the child’s “dog” is a dog but not other dogs indicates a child thinks a word’s meaning is too restricted or narrow

Answer 7

under generalization (pg.85)

Question 8

Cognitive theory

Answer 8

Piaget

Language acquisition is made possible by cognition and general intellectual processes

Question 9

Behavioral Theory

Answer 9

skinner

• Acquisition of verbal behavior
• Verbal behaviors are acquired under conditions of stimulation, response and reinforcement
• Due to learning not innate mechanisms
• Environment and social interaction are important

Question 10

Sentence classifications

Answer 10

passive
active
interrogatives
declaratives
imperatives
exclamatory

Question 11

passive sentences

Answer 11

subject receives action of the verb

the car was petted by Mark

Question 12

active

Answer 12

Subject performs the actions of the verb

mark petted the cat

Question 13

interrogatives

Answer 13

questions

Question 14

declaratives

Answer 14

make statements

Question 15

imperatives

Answer 15

state commands

shut the door

Question 16

exclamatory

Answer 16

express trong feeling

I never said that!

Question 17

Define a compound sentence

Answer 17

two or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a conjunction or semicolon

(The policeman held up the sign, and the cars stopped. )

Question 18

Define complex sentence

Answer 18

One independent clause and one or more dependent or subordinate clauses

(I will drive my car to Reno if I have enough gas)

Question 19

7 Functions of Communicative Intent

Answer 19

Imaginative
Heuristic
Regulartory
Personal
Informative
Instrumental
Interactinal

Question 20

Imaginative

Answer 20

Pretend play

Question 21

Heuristic

Answer 21

Children attempt to have their environment and events in their environment explained (Why?)

Question 22

Regulatory

Answer 22

Attempt to control the behavior of others

Question 23

Personal

Answer 23

Express own feelings

Question 24

informative

Answer 24

Tell someone something

Question 25

instrumental

Answer 25

Attempt to get things from others

Question 26

interactional

Answer 26

Initiate interactions with others

Question 27

Clinician is treating a student. She is saying “she is ON the table” and “he is beside the desk”. What is she targeting?

Answer 27

locatives.

Question 28

A child says “down” when a cup of juice spills on the floor. What relation are they using?

Answer 28

locative action.

Question 29

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

Attribution

Answer 29

child uses adjective to describe

“big hat”

Question 30

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

Action

Answer 30

Child requests or labels an action

“kitty run” or “open box”

Question 31

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

locative action

Answer 31

refers to change in objects position

“there doggy” or “ball up”

Question 32

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

Existence

Answer 32

Child attends to idtem or object present in enviroment

“What’s that” or “this ktty”

Question 33

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

nonexistence

Answer 33

Child expects action or object to be present when it is not.

“all gone juice” or “bye-bye mommy”

Question 34

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

denial

Answer 34

child denies a statement or previous utterance (i.e. in response to someone saying “is this a kitty?”

“no kitty”

Question 35

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

rejection

Answer 35

Child does not ant somethign to happen

“no bath”

Question 36

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

possession

Answer 36

child identified something as belonging to him or her or another person

“his block”

Question 37

Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:

recurrence

Answer 37

an even happens again

“more cookie”