Language Disorders (From Praxis book)

Question 1

2 explanations for children with SLI

Answer 1

1. SLI represents normal variation in linguistic skills and children with SLI are at the lower end of the continuum of language skills.
2. SLI is due to deficits in cognitive, auditory, perceptual, and intellectual functions that underlie language.

Question 2

CP

Answer 2

A group of symptoms associated with brain-injury in still-developing children.

Question 3

Subtypes of CP

Answer 3

ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
Spastic CP

Question 4

Which type of CP?

• disturbed balance, awkward gait, uncoordinated movements
• due to cerebellar damage

Answer 4

Ataxic CP

Question 5

Which type of CP?

-increased spasticity (increased tone, rigidity of muscles) as well as still, abrupt, jerky, slow movements
-Due to damage to motor cortex or direct motor pathway
Most common

Answer 5

Spastic CP

Question 6

Which type of CP?

• slow writhing involuntary movements
• Damage to indirect motor pathways, especially basal ganglia

Answer 6

Atheoid CP

Question 7

Hemiplegia

Answer 7

one side of body is paralyzed

Question 8

Paraplegia

Answer 8

only legs and lower trunk are paralyzed

Question 9

Monoplegia

Answer 9

only one limb is paralyzed

Question 10

Diplegia

Answer 10

2 legs or two arms are paralyzed

Question 11

Language problems related to physical and Social-environmental factors

Answer 11

Limited access to healthcare, low socioeconomic status and low educational levels of caretakers are associated with limited early language experience for children.

Factor most highly related to socioeconomic status is mothers educational level.

Question 12

What is more critical to language development than ethnic background?

Answer 12

Socioeconomic status

Question 13

What factor is most highly related to socioeconomic status?

Answer 13

education level of mother

Question 14

Token Type Ratios definition

Answer 14

Represents variety of different words used by a child

Question 15

Late talkers

Answer 15

-significant expressive delay at 24-36 months of age

Question 16

treatment focus should be on _____________ and _____________,

Answer 16

academic

social language

Question 17

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Basic Behavioral Techniques

Answer 17

• Supported by evidence

- Example: Instruction, modeling prompting, shaping, manual guidance, fading, immediate response contingent feedback

Question 18

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Discrete Trial Procedure

Answer 18

• Useful when skills have to be shaped or established
• Not efficient for generalization

-Example: Stimulus, question, model, reinforcement, feedback, records response, waits a few seconds before initiating next trial.

Question 19

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Expansion

Answer 19

Clinician expands telegraphic or incomplete utterance into more grammatically complete utterance.

Example: Child says “doggy bark”
Clinician says” yes, the doggy is barking”

Question 20

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Extension

Answer 20

-Clinician comments on child’s utterances and adds new and relevant information.

-Example: Child says “Play ball”
Clinician says “ Yes, you are playing with a big, red, plastic ball that bounses”

Question 21

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Focused Stimulation

Answer 21

-Clinician repeatedly models a target structure to stimulate the child to use it, done during play and generally one target is focused on at a time.

-Example: Target: -s
Clinician says :There are two balls. The boys are playing.”

Question 22

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Joint Routines or interactions

Answer 22

• Routinized, repetitive activities used to stimulate language
• Example: peek-a-boo

Question 23

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Rescasting

Answer 23

Recasting limited productions into longer or syntactically different forms to teach grammatical form.

Question 24

Specific Treatment Techniques:

Parallel Talk

Answer 24

Clinician plays with child and describes and comments upon what the child is doing and the objects the child is interested in.

Question 25

Specific Treatment Techniques:

milieu teaching

Answer 25

A group of evidence based techniques that teach functional communication through typical, everyday verbal interactions utilizing behavioral techniques in naturalistic settings.