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Comps > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

Areas of Language

A

Form
Content
Function (Use)

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2
Q

form

A

phonology
orphology
syntax

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3
Q

content

A

semantics

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4
Q

function

A

pragmatics

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5
Q

SLI

A

children who have trouble developing language in the absence of any reasons or cause.

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6
Q

Suprasegmentals

A

-suprasegmentals, refer to the melodic and rhythmic elements of the phonological system.

  • Stress
  • Juncture
  • Intonation
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7
Q

Paralinguistic elements of communication

A

are not linguistic elements. They go with the linguistic elements.

  • voice
  • resonance
  • timing/latency
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8
Q

Nonverbal Elements of Communication

A
  • facial gesture
  • limb gesture
  • gaze
  • head and body movement
  • physical distance or proxemics
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9
Q

erivational morphemes

A

added to a word to create a new word or a new form of a word.

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10
Q

Lexical semantics

A

words (forms (morphemes) and meanings (sememes)) which constitute the generic, culturally-shared knowledge of the speakers of the language.

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11
Q

discourse pragmatics

A

how linguistically coded propositions fit into a wider communicative context.

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12
Q

Organization of a lexicon-

A
  • Meaning
  • Semantic category
  • Synonyms/Antonyms
  • Meaning relationship
  • Phonological info
  • Morphological info
  • Syntactic info
  • Pragmatic
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13
Q

homographs

A

word with multiple meanings all of whose forms sound alike and are spelled the same way

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14
Q

Homonyms

A

-A word with multiple meanings all of whose forms sound alike and are spelled differently

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15
Q

Syntax

A

sequential and temporal

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16
Q

Transitive

A

Transitive clauses have two nouns — a subject noun and an object noun.

Example: I ate dinner

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17
Q

intransitive verbs

A

Intransitive clauses have a single noun — a subject noun.

Example: She slept well

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18
Q

Major clause types

A
  • Declarative-
  • Interrogative
  • Imperative
  • Exclamatory
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19
Q

-Declarative

A

making a statement

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20
Q

-Imperative

A

-giving a command, making a request

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21
Q

Pragmatics (examples of)

A 
Topic maintenance
Coherence
inferencing
Ellipsis
Register
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22
Q

Cohesive devices

A

things that make a sequence hang together

23
Q

Ellipsis

A

linguistic feature that refers to forms in the talk which certain elements are not present.

24
Q

Register

A

-speaking in the appropriate way for different situations with different people.

25
Q

different levels of meaning in language:

A
  • Lexical meaning
  • referential meaning
  • propositional meaning
  • affective
  • interactive or social meaning
  • linguistic/discourse meaning
26
Q

referential meaning

A

involves the meaning of words and what they refer to.

27
Q

propositional meaning-

A

the who, what, when, why of an utterance.

28
Q

Standard Deviation

A

-average difference of scores from the mean score on a standardized test
68% of the scores fall within 1 SD of the mean, with 96% of the scores falling within 2 SDs.

29
Q

Normal Curve

A

A normal distribution represents the tendency for scores to fall around the mean (central tendency)

30
Q

Scaled score
mean?
SD?

A

mean at 100

SD at 15.

31
Q

Stanines
Mean?
SD?

A

5

2

32
Q

Percentile Rank

A

percentage of subjects in the norming population who scored at or below a certain raw score

33
Q

3 Kinds of Standard scores

A
  1. Z-score
  2. T-score
  3. Scaled score
34
Q

Z-score

A

corresponds to the number of SDs from the mean score of 0.

35
Q

t-score

A

-sets the mean at 50 and SD at 10

36
Q

Scaled score

A

-sets the mean at 100 and SD at 15

37
Q

Children with Limited Language

A
  • A child who is largely nonverbal
  • A child who speaks largely at the single-word level
  • A child who is using early multiword combinations
38
Q

Developmental Language Disorders

A

Child’s diagnostic category does not explain or predict language behavior language behavior.

39
Q

Speech Sound Disorders

A
  • Articulation disorder – sensorimotor based
  • Phonological disorder – linguistically/system based
  • Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) – sensorimotor based
40
Q

Components of the Final Motor Act of Articulating

A

Biological component

Cognitive-linguistic component

Sensorimotor-acoustic

41
Q

What does Biological component include?

A
  • Vocal tract and articulators
  • Nervous system > motor and sensory functions
    - Auditory, tactile, kinesthetic, proprioceptive
42
Q

What is the Cognitive-linguistic component?

A

Semantics, morphosyntax, pragmatics

-Phonemic elements, phonological rules

43
Q

What does Sensorimotor-acoustic include?

A
  • Motor programming and motor learning of the sequences of physical movement in a wide variety of phonetic contexts
  • Motor production in the vocal tract > acoustic vibrations > ears of the listener/interpretation
44
Q

Misarticulation Categories

A
  • Substitution
  • Omissions
  • Distortions
  • Addition
45
Q

Independent analysis describes the child’s productions in….

A

features, segments, syllable shape

46
Q

Relational analysis transcribes the child’s productions and compares them to the adult target forms in…..

A

Determination of correct vs. incorrect productions

47
Q

Nonstuttering Dysfluent vs. Incipient stutterer

Frequency

A

9 or less vs

10 or more per 100 words

48
Q

Nonstuttering Dysfluent

predominant type

A

Whole word and phrase repetitions, interjections, revisions

49
Q

Nonstuttering Dysfluent Unit repetitions

A

No more than 2 unit repetitions (b-b-ball)

50
Q

Nonstuttering Dysfluent

Voicing and air flow

A

Little or no difficulty starting or sustaining air flow; continuous phonation during part word repetitions

51
Q

Nonstuttering Dysfluent

Intrusion of the schwa

A

Schwa not produced

ba- ba- baby

52
Q

Stuttering

Predominant type

A

Part word repetitions, audible and silent prolongations, broken words

53
Q

Acquired Language Disorders

A
  • Dependant on severity of injury and language development at time of injury
  • First 3-12 months post injury spontaneous recovery
  • Typically have residual language problems
54
Q

Trade offs

A

Increased complexity in one area may result in decreased complexity or accuracy in another area

Comps (15 decks)

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