Language Arts Flashcards
What is reading automaticity?
Fast, effortless word recognition that comes with a great deal of reading practice. Automaticity refers only to accurate, speedy word recognition, not to reading with expression.
What is phonological awareness?
Phonological awareness is a meta-cognitive skill (i.e., an awareness/ability to think about one’s own thinking) for the sound structures of language.
What is emergent literacy?
Emergent literacy is the term used to describe the reading and writing experiences of young children before they learn to write and read conventionally. Emergent literacy begins at birth, regardless of whether or not a child has a disability.
What are semantic cues?
Semantic cues refer to the meaning in language that assists in comprehending texts, including words, speech, signs, symbols, and other meaning-bearing forms. Semantic cues involve the learners’ prior knowledge of language, text, and visual media, and their prior life experiences.
What are syntactic cues?
Syntactic Cues. Syntactic cues involve word order, rules and patterns of language (grammar), and punctuation. For example, the position a word holds in a sentence will cue the listener or reader as to whether the word is a noun or a verb.
What are graphophonic cues?
Graphophonic cues involve the letter-sound or sound-symbol relationships of language. Readers identifying unknown words by relating speech sounds to letters or letter patterns are using graphophonic cues. This process is often called decoding.
What is an open syllable?
An open syllable is a syllable with a long vowel sound where the vowel is open, meaning there is no consonant after it. (Example: Music)
What is a closed syllable?
A closed syllable is a syllable that has only one vowel and that vowel is followed by a constanant. (Example: Cat)
What is prosody?
Expressiveness with which a student reads. It is the intonation, rhythm, and emphasis given to words and sentences when reading out loud. Prosody is a key component in reading fluency.
What are organizational patterns in text?
Chronological, compare and contrast, order of importance, sequences, spatial, cause and effect, problem and solution.
Chronological
Information in a passage is organized by the time in which each event occurred
Compare and Contrast
Text structure or pattern of organization where the similarities and differences of two or more things are explored
Order of Importance
Information can be structured from most important to least important or least important to most important
Sequence
Information in a passage is organized by the order in which it occurs.
Spatial
Information in a passage is organized in order of space or location (Graphic organizer).
Cause and Effect
Generally used in expository and persuasive writing modes.
Problem and Solution
Pattern of organization where information in a passage is expressed as a dilemma or concerning issue (a problem) and something that was, can be, or should be done to remedy this issue (solution or attempted solution).
What is a primary source?
Immediate, first-hand accounts of a topic, from people who had a direct connection with it. Think of research or laws.
What is a secondary source?
Often quote the primary sources.
What are the stages of writing development?
Preliterate, emergent, transitional, and fluent.
What is tier 1 vocab?
Basic words that commonly appear in spoken language.
What is tier 2 vocab?
High frequency words used by mature language users across several content areas
What is tier 3 vocab?
Words that are not frequently used except in specific content areas or domains
Exposition
a literary device that is meant to relay background information about the main character, setting, event, or another element of the narrative.
Rising action
Series of events (usually the conflicts or struggles of the protagonist) that increase tension, propel the plot forward and lead to the climax of the story.
Climax
The highest point of tension in a storyline, often depicted by a confrontation between the protagonist and antagonist.
Falling action
The section of the plot following the climax, in which the tension stemming from the story’s central conflict decreases and the story moves toward its conclusion.
Simile
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ).
Personification
The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.
Hyperbole
Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally (I’m so hungry I could eat a horse).
Oxymoron
a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g. faith unfaithful kept him falsely true ).
Conjunction
a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).
Adverbs
Words that usually modify—that is, they limit or restrict the meaning of—verbs. They may also modify adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, or even entire sentences.
Preposition
A function word that typically combines with a noun phrase to form a phrase that usually expresses a modification or predication (on or in).
Irony
The use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning.
Paradox
a literary device that contradicts itself but contains a plausible kernel of truth.
Idiom
A phrase that conveys a figurative meaning that is difficult or impossible to understand based solely on a literal interpretation of the words in the phrase (cold feet).
Phonemic Identity
Being able to recognize common sounds in different words such as /p/ is the common sound for “pat”, “pick”, and “play”.
Phoneme blending
Ability to hear the individual sounds in a word, put the sounds together, and say the word that is made.
Phoneme segmentation
ability to break words down into individual sounds.
Reading accuracy
Oral reading accuracy. It also provides the teacher with insight into a student’s ability to use strategies to decode unfamiliar words.
Compound Sentence
a sentence with more than one subject or predicate.
