Language and Thought 2

Question 1

What is telegraphic speech? When does it take place?

Answer 1

• no function morphemes, only content
• “throw ball”
• 18-24 months, vocal of 50-200 words

Question 2

What is the linguistic relativity hypothesis? Who was it made by?

Answer 2

• language shapes the nature of thought
• a language that does not have a linguistic feature will struggle when dealing with related concepts
• Benjamin Whorf

Question 3

What are some approaches to problem solving?

Answer 3

• trial and error
• algorithm: problem solving formula
• heuristics: mental shortcut
• availability heuristic: info that is readily available is judged as more likely to happen

Question 4

What are different ways that we get stuck during problem solving?

Answer 4

mental set: approaching problem the same way you have before, but doesn’t work now
functional fixedness: thinking an object only has one function

Question 5

What are some biases we have during problem solving?

Answer 5

anchoring bias: using initial info to make next judgements
confirmation bias: focusing on info that confirms beliefs
representative bias: unintentionally stereotyping because it seems like a representative

Question 6

What are the major milestones in learning language?

Answer 6

0-4mo: use phonemes
4-6mo: babble consonants
6-10mo: understand some words, can’t distinguish sounds not used in native language
10-12mo: use single words
12-18mo: vocab = 30-50 words
18-24mo: vocab = 50-200 words
24-36mo: vocab = 1,000 words
36-60mo: master grammatical morphemes