Language and Thought 1 - Cognition Flashcards
1
Q
What are concepts?
A
- group of shared features of related objects, events, or stimuli
- based on semantic memory (association)
2
Q
What is a prototype?
A
- best representation of a concept
- possesses many or all of the features
3
Q
What is a schema and the different types?
A
- cluster of related concepts
role schema: how a person should behave based on their categorization
event schema: cognitive scripts, what to do in certain events
4
Q
How do prototypes influence our perception of new stimuli?
A
- people make category judgements based on prototype
- we make probability judgements by comparing object/event with its prototype
- stereotyping
5
Q
What are concrete (natural) concepts?
A
- can be experienced or seen
- can construct understanding through observation
6
Q
What are abstract (artificial) concepts?
A
- cannot be experienced or seen
- can be understood through a set of properties/characteristics
7
Q
What are phonemes and what rules organize them?
A
- smallest unit of language (44 in English)
- ph/ch/sh/k
phonetic rules: how we combine phonemes to produce sounds - ph = f
8
Q
What are morphemes and what rules organize them?
A
- smallest meaningful units of language (combined phonemes)
morphological rules: how we combine morphemes to remix words
9
Q
What are some components of grammar?
A
semantics: what words mean
syntax: how words are organized
10
Q
What is the behaviourists approach to language acquisition?
A
- learn language through reinforcement
- no conditioning = no learning language
11
Q
What is the nativists approach to language acquisition?
A
- innate, biological capacity for language
- language acquisition device
