Language And Occupation

Question 1

Discourse community

Answer 1

Community of practice

Question 2

Discourse structure

Answer 2

The internal structure of a text

Question 3

Ethnography

Answer 3

The study of how a group of people communicate

Question 4

Inference

Answer 4

Using assumed language knowledge in order to determine meaning

Question 5

How did John Swales defined a discourse community?

Answer 5

Members who:
Share a set of common goals
Communicate internally, using and owning one or more genres of communication
Use specialist lexis and discourse
Possess a required level of knowledge and skill to be considered eligible to participate in the community

Question 6

British languages history

Answer 6

After the Norman invasion in 1066, official language was French. If you couldn’t speak French, you had to pay for someone to speak for you
Latin was a sign of status and power for many centuries because of its rule in education and the church

Question 7

Drew and Heritage 1983

Answer 7

Members of a discourse community share inferential frameworks with each other, consisting of implicit ways of thinking, communicating and behaving.
There are strong hierarchies of power within organisations with many asymmetrical relationships marked by language use

Question 8

Inferential framework

Answer 8

Knowledge built up over time and used in order to understand meanings that are implicit

Question 9

Phatic

Answer 9

Language that is devoid of content but that supports social relationships

Question 10

Koester 2004

Answer 10

Shows how important phatic talk is, in getting jobs done.

Being sociable and engaging in personal chat is an important aspect of effective working

Question 11

Solidarity

Answer 11

Feeling of connection with others, mutual support

Question 12

Hornyak (language and power)

Answer 12

The shift from work talk to personal talk is always initiated by the highest ranking person in the room

Question 13

Kim and Elder 2009

Answer 13

Research on the communication difficulties experienced by Korean pilots and air-traffic staff when communicating with their American colleagues

Question 14

Communication problems of Kim and Elder’s research

Answer 14

Poor language skills among the Korean personnel, native speakers not using the agreed phrases, but either abbreviating unhelpfully or elaborating unnecessarily, and sometimes employing idiomatic expressions