CLA/CDS Flashcards
Key facts of Stages of development
Children don’t develop at same rate and they follow the same universal pattern of acquisition regardless of language being learned
Do children learn language before birth?
Yes they do. Evidence suggests that baby acclimatises to native language through sound of mother’s voice
What’s the research that shows that they learn language before birth?
Mehler 1988, French babies are able to distinguish French from other languages
What is the first stage?
Crying
What happens when they are 6-8 weeks?
It’s the stage of cooing. There’s an increasing control over vocal chords eg. Coo, ga, goo
What is the most important stage?
Babbling
What’s babbling?
It resembles adult sounds
What’s a bilabial sound?
Consonant and vowel combination eg. Ba,da,ma
Repetition monosyllable like ma-ma
Does a bilabial sound have meaning?
No
What is phoneme?
Smallest element of unit sound in a language
What is phonemic expansion?
During babbling number of different phonemes used increases
What is phonemic contraction? When does it occur?
Number of phonemes produced are reduced to those found in native language. 9-10 months
Is there any evidence when babies are in the phonemic contraction stage ?
Babies of different nationalities begin to sound different. In an experiment, adults have successfully recognised babies from their own countries
How do they may suggest greeting or calling?
By intonation
How can they express themselves without speaking? Give an example
Through gestures. Point to object and use facial gesture ‘What’s that?’ Begginings of pragmatic development, recognising that social context has meaning
When do they start recognising words?
By the end of the first year. They understand common names, no, bye
What happens when they are 12 months?
Baby utters their first recognisable word
When do they master all consonants? How do they use them?
When they are 6-7 years old. When they are 2.5, they master all vowels and 2/3 of consonants, when they are 4 they have difficulty with only a few consonants.
- Consonants first used at beginning of words
- consonants at end of words present more difficulty eg. Push, rip.
- high frequency sounds are acquired first
What is phonemic simplification?
Deletion Final consonants dropped Unstressed syllables deleted Consonant clusters reduced Substitution
What is substitution?
Easier sounds substituted for harder ones- r becomes w, th becomes d, n or f, t becomes d, p becomes b
What is the fis phenomenon?
Berko and Brown. Babies do not hear themselves in the same way and no amount of correction will change this. Moreover, children understand more sounds that they can produce
What is lexical development?
A child’s acquisition of words
What is semantic development?
A child’s acquisition of the meaning of the words
How many words do children learn when they are 18 months? 2 years? 5 years? 7 years?
18-50 words 2- 200 words Explosion 5-2000 words 7- 4000 words