Language Flashcards
Phonemes
smallest measure of language. discreet sounds that make up words, but carry no meaning. (p, or sh)
Morphemes
made up of phonemes, smallest unit of meaning (ex -ing)
Morphology
grammar rules; how to group morphemes
Prosody
tone inflection, accent, and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning
Noam Chomsky
developed transformational grammar, which differentiates between surface structure and deep structure. Language Acquisition Device theory
Surface structure
the way that words are organized in the sentence (ex. I studied the material for hours vs. For hours, I studied the material)
Deep structure
the underlying meaning of sentences
Language Acquisition Device
Theory by Chomsky that we have an innate device to develop language.
Overregularization
over-application of grammar rule (ex I runned to the store)
Overextension
generalizing with names of things (child calling everything furry a dog)
Telegraphic speech
speech without articles or extras, like in a telegram (ex. me go)
Holophrastic speech
When a child uses 1 word (holophrase) to convey a whole sentence
Whorfian hypothesis
culture influences speech and we can only name what we have experienced
Roger Brown
Children’s understanding of grammatical rules develops when they make hypotheses about syntax and then self-correct
Katherine Nelson
language really develops with onset of active speech, not during first year of listening
William Labov
studied Ebonics and found that it had its own complex structure
Lee Vygotsky and Alexander Luria
language is a tool involved in the development of abstract thinking. Development of word meanings is complex and altered by interpersonal experience
Charles Osgood
created semantic differential charts which allowed people to plot the meaning of words on charts. Found that people form similar backgrounds plotted words similarly–important connotations of words
