Language Flashcards

1
Q

oral messages- powerful language seen as more persuasive than powerless Written messages- no difference in persuasiveness between powerful and powerless language

A

sparks et al 1998

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2
Q

Parton et al 2002

A

Use of hedges and hesitations in employment interviews- powerless language- they seem less competent and employable

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3
Q

Swearing, emotion-laiden items, metaphor

A

Examples of intense langauge

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4
Q

teachers who used powerless language were viewed as less dynamic and credible

A

Haleta 1996

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5
Q

Blankenship and Craig 2007

A

tag questions are more powerful when used by high credibility speaker

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6
Q

Bradac et al 1980

A

Reinforcement Theory. Positive evaluation if already well-disposed to position advocated. Intense language can enhance this effect.

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7
Q

research- decision had to be made about new assessment at uni- the member who used more powerful language in email saying their opinion was seen as more attractive, credible, and persuasive; their points were taken

A

Adkins and Brashers 1995

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8
Q

hesitations/ hedges/ intensifiers/ polite forms/m tag questions/ disclaimers/ deictic phrases

A

types of powerless language

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9
Q

tag questions are more powerful when used by high credibility speaker

A

Blankenship and Craig 2007

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10
Q

Information processing theory- language intensity makes the persuader’s position seem more extreme compared to our own position (even if it isn’t) -To be persuaded we attend to the message, compare it to our own position, and then accept or reject it

A

Hamilton and Stewart 1995

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11
Q

Haleta 1996

A

teachers who used powerless language were viewed as less dynamic and credible

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12
Q

Language expectancy theory

A

we have expectations about what is normal language behaviour when trying to persuade other people. Violation of these expectations can help or harm the effectiveness of these messages depending on the credibility of the source

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13
Q

Reinforcement Theory. Positive evaluation if already well-disposed to position advocated. Intense language can enhance this effect.

A

Bradac et al 1980

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14
Q

Adkins and Brashers 1995

A

research- decision had to be made about new assessment at uni- the member who used more powerful language in email saying their opinion was seen as more attractive, credible, and persuasive; their points were taken

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15
Q

linked with credibility- vividness can increase powerfulness if from a credible source

A

Andreoli and Worchel 1978

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16
Q

Most studies lump together powerless language features

A

Problem with many studies

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17
Q

Problem with many studies

A

Most studies lump together powerless language features

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18
Q

Communication accommodation theory- more persuasive and credible when speaker uses the same features as addressee

A

Aune and Kikuchi 1993

19
Q

Use of hedges and hesitations in employment interviews- powerless language- they seem less competent and employable

A

Parton et al 2002

20
Q

Positive evaluation if already well-disposed to position advocated. Intense language can enhance this effect.

A

Reinforcement Theory.

21
Q

more persuasive and credible when speaker uses the same features as addressee

A

Communication accommodation theory

22
Q

Burgoon 1995

A

Language expectancy theory- we have expectations about what is normal language behaviour when trying to persuade other people. Violation of these expectations can help or harm the effectiveness of these messages depending on the credibility of the source

23
Q

females were more persuasive with males when they used powerless forms of speech females were more persuasive with other females when they used powerful speech males with males- speech style made less/no difference

A

Carli 1990

24
Q

Language expectancy theory- we have expectations about what is normal language behaviour when trying to persuade other people. Violation of these expectations can help or harm the effectiveness of these messages depending on the credibility of the source

A

Burgoon 1995

25
Bostrom 1973
greater attitude change can occur if communicator is female using a religious/excretory/ or sexual profanity than a male -using profanity makes you less credible
26
uses a wheelchair- PC handicapable- heroic confined to a wheelchair- disables abnormal- pathetic
scale of PC language
27
Hamilton and Stewart 1995
Information processing theory- language intensity makes the persuader's position seem more extreme compared to our own position (even if it isn't) -To be persuaded we attend to the message, compare it to our own position, and then accept or reject it
28
Information processing theory
language intensity makes the persuader's position seem more extreme compared to our own position (even if it isn't) -To be persuaded we attend to the message, compare it to our own position, and then accept or reject it
29
greater attitude change can occur if communicator is female using a religious/excretory/ or sexual profanity than a male -using profanity makes you less credible
Bostrom 1973
30
Reinforcement Theory.
Positive evaluation if already well-disposed to position advocated. Intense language can enhance this effect.
31
colloquial hedges are seen as powerless e.g. sort of/ kind of Professional hedges are seen as powerful e.g. probably/ seem to
Durik et al 2008
32
sparks et al 1998
oral messages- powerful language seen as more persuasive than powerless Written messages- no difference in persuasiveness between powerful and powerless language
33
language intensity makes the persuader's position seem more extreme compared to our own position (even if it isn't) -To be persuaded we attend to the message, compare it to our own position, and then accept or reject it
Information processing theory
34
types of powerless language
hesitations/ hedges/ intensifiers/ polite forms/m tag questions/ disclaimers/ deictic phrases
35
we have expectations about what is normal language behaviour when trying to persuade other people. Violation of these expectations can help or harm the effectiveness of these messages depending on the credibility of the source
Language expectancy theory
36
scale of PC language
uses a wheelchair- PC handicapable- heroic confined to a wheelchair- disables abnormal- pathetic
37
Aune and Kikuchi 1993
Communication accommodation theory- more persuasive and credible when speaker uses the same features as addressee
38
Carli 1990
females were more persuasive with males when they used powerless forms of speech females were more persuasive with other females when they used powerful speech males with males- speech style made less/no difference
39
Durik et al 2008
colloquial hedges are seen as powerless e.g. sort of/ kind of Professional hedges are seen as powerful e.g. probably/ seem to
40
Communication accommodation theory
more persuasive and credible when speaker uses the same features as addressee
41
Andreoli and Worchel 1978
linked with credibility- vividness can increase powerfulness if from a credible source
42
Examples of intense langauge
Swearing, emotion-laiden items, metaphor
43
Bradac and Mulac 1984
Politeness forms can be powerful
44
Politeness forms can be powerful
Bradac and Mulac 1984