Language Flashcards
Naming Novel Objects.
Where do we see activation?
Left inferior frontal and R cerebellum.
What is the verb generation task?
Where do we see activation for novel stimuli?
See a noun and produce associated verb.
Left inferior frontal and right cerebellar activation for NOVEL stimuli.
Reorganization of language dominance in patients with left hemisphere lesions.
What is the word chain task and what kind of activation do we see for patient vs control ?
Read, door, red. Produce word starting with last letter of previous word.
Controls: Right cerebellum and left inferior frontal.
Patients: left cerebellum and right inferior frontal.
Consistent with cortico-cerebellar pathways.
Atypical verb generation in cerebellar patients.
What did cerebellar injury result in for the verb generation task?
Significant atypical verb generation and errors for patients than controls.
Atypical verb generation in cerebellar patients.
What did cerebellar injury result in for the verb generation task?
Significant atypical verb generation and errors for patients than controls.
What was the result of Cathodal tDCS on verb generation task?
What is the neurological pathway by which this response occurs?
Signifiant increase in response speed and reduced variability in responses.
tDCS inhibited the inhibitory response of Purkinje Cells, which allowed cerebellar deep nuclei to produce increased excitability of neocortex and therefore faster response time with greater accuracy.
Word Stem Completion Task.
What is it, what are the two elements?
What activation do we see?
What is the proposed function of the frontal lobe and cerebellum in this task?
Given beginning of word and must produce complete word. Many vs Few options.
Many - localized left frontal lobe activation.
Few - localized right cerebellar activation.
Frontal lobe said to be sifting through the many options to make a decision.
Cerebellum proposed to be involved in error rejection for wrong word choices as well as potential working memory involvement during the search for correct answer.
Stem Completion in Cerebellar Patients
What is the stem completion task?
Which category are the patients impaired?
Complete words with the given stem. FEW and MANY categories.
Patients worse at FEW performance which is consistent with neuroimaging studies showing right cerebellar activation for the few task.
Word Reading Task.
What is the task?
For what category do you see cerebellar activation? What about inconsistent vs consistent?
The task has you read both words and non-words at high and low frequency.
Left inferior frontal cortex and right cerebellum.
Inconsistent words saw more activation in cerebellum which makes sense because there’s an error correction that involves the cerebellum.
Word Reading Task.
What is the task?
Where do you see cerebellar activation?
Left inferior
Rhyme judgements.
What kind of activation do we see for non-word rhyming?
What is the conclusion researchers came to for cerebellar function in rhyming judgements?
What was cerebellar patient performance?
Right cerebellar activation.
Articulatory monitoring and error correction in rhyme judgements. Particularly in words that shared orthography but not phonology (fear-bear). The brain wants to say “beer”.
Cerebellar patients impaired in pronouncing Ortho+Phono- words.
Semantic Decisions/Processing.
What was the semantic test?
What regions were activated for what activity?
How did activation react to semantic difficulty?
Do these words belong to the same semantic category? Yes/no. “man” and “boy.”
Frontal, temporal, and R cerebellum were activated for semantic decision and not repetition.
CBM activity increased with increasing semantic difficulty.
Semantic Prediction with sentence prediction.
What is the task?
How did cerebellar rTMS affect the prediction effect?
Reading a sentence and choose an image. Predictive and non-predictive sentences. Such as “the man sailed the boat” vs “the man watched the boat.” Reaction time was measured for each stimulus. “Sailed” sentence increased reaction time.
Cerebellar TMS disrupts the prediction effect and causes an increase in reaction time post-TMS
