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Lower Extremities > Landmarks In The Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Landmarks In The Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the popliteal fossa

A

It is a diamond shaped depression located behind the knee joint, lower part of femur, upper part of tibia

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2
Q

Popliteal fossa is bounded superolaterally by

A

Biceps femoris

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3
Q

Popliteal fossa is bounded superomedially by

A

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus supplemented by gracilis, sartorius and adductor Magnus

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4
Q

Popliteal fossa is bounded inferomedially by

A

Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle

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5
Q

Popliteal fossa is bounded inferolaterally by

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius supplemented by plantaris

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6
Q

Popliteal fossa floor is formed by

A

Posterior surface of knee joint capsule and posterior surface of femur

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7
Q

Popliteal fossa roof is formed by

A

Popliteal fascia and skin

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8
Q

List the contents of popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery and it’s branches
Popliteal vein and it’s tributaries
Tibial nerve and it’s branches
Common fibular/peroneal nerve and it’s branches

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9
Q

What content of popliteal fossa lies deep

A

Popliteal artery

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10
Q

What content of popliteal fossa lies superficial

A

Tibial nerve
Common fibular/peroneal nerve
(Branches of sciatic nerve)

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11
Q

Popliteal artery divides into

A

Tibioperoneal trunk
Anterior tibial artery

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12
Q

As the popliteal artery is descending , it also gives rise to many branches along it’s journey. list them

A

Muscular branches
Genicula branches-superior medial and lateral genicular branch, middle genicular branch, inferior medial and lateral genicular branch

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13
Q

What muscles does the muscular branches supply

A

Soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris and hamstring muscles

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14
Q

Superior medial and lateral genicular branch supply

A

Bone of femoral condyles, adjacent synovium of knee joint, superior part of patella

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15
Q

Middle genicular branch supply

A

Posterior cruciate ligament, posterior part of anterior cruciate ligament, posterior part of menisci

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16
Q

Inferior medial and lateral genicular branch supply

A

Knee joint capsule, collateral ligaments and tendon , anterior part of cruciate ligament, inferior part of patella

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17
Q

Where does the popliteal vein begin

A

It begins at the lower border of popliteus by the union of veins accompanying the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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18
Q

Tibioperoneal trunk divides into

A

Posterior tibial artery
Fibular/Peroneal artery

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19
Q

The femoral vein continue as

A

Popliteal vein

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20
Q

The popliteal vein receives venous drainage from

A

Saphenous vein
Veins corresponding to branches of popliteal artery

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21
Q

Another name of adductor canal

A

Hunters canal
Subsartorial canal

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22
Q

What is the adductor canal

A

It is an intermuscular space located in the medial side of the middle one third of thigh

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23
Q

The adductor canal extends from

A

Apex of femoral triangle above the tendinous opening in the adductor Magnus

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24
Q

Adductor canal is bounded anterolaterally by

A

Vastus medialis

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25
Q

Adductor canal is bounded anteromedially by

A

Sartorius

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26
Q

Adductor canal is bounded posteromedially by

A

Adductor Longus above
Adductor Magnus below

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27
Q

List the contents of adductor canal

A

Terminal part of femoral vein
Terminal part of femoral artery
Terminal part of obturator nerve
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
Deep lymph nodes

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28
Q

What is the femoral triangle

A

A wedged shaped depression in the superomedial aspect of thigh

29
Q

Femoral triangle is bounded medially by

A

Medial border of adductor Longus

30
Q

Femoral triangle is bounded laterally by

A

Medial border of sartorius

31
Q

Femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by

A

Inguinal ligament

32
Q

Femoral triangle roof is formed by

A

Superficial fascia (fascia lata) and skin

33
Q

Femoral triangle floor is formed by

A

Medially by adductor Longus and pectineus
Laterally by iliopsoas

34
Q

List the contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral artery and it’s branches
Femoral vein and it’s tributaries
Femoral nerve and it’s branches
Nerve to pectineus
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
Femoral sheath
Deep inguinal lymph node

35
Q

Femoral sheath is formed by

A

Downwards extension of the two layers of fascia in the abdomen

36
Q

What is the femoral sheath

A

A funnel shaped fascia covering upper 3-4cm of the femoral vessels

37
Q

Anterior wall is bounded by

A

Transversalis fascia

38
Q

Posterior wall is formed by

A

Iliacus fascia

39
Q

Femoral sheath is divided into 3 compartments by

A

Septa

40
Q

List the components of the arterial or lateral component of femoral sheath

A

Femoral artery
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

41
Q

List the component of the intermediate or venous compartment of femoral sheath

A

Femoral vein

42
Q

List the component of the lymphatics or medial compartment of femoral sheath

A

Femoral canal

43
Q

What is the intercondylar fossa

A

It is a depression between the two femoral condyles

44
Q

The intercondylar fossa provides attachment for

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

45
Q

What muscle forms the base of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteus

46
Q

Gap between sacrum and ilium is bridged by

A

Sacrospinous ligament- goes to ischial spine
Sacrotuberous ligament-goes to ischial tuberosity

47
Q

Capsule of hip joint is formed by

A

Iliofemoral ligament( thickest )
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament

48
Q

What unites the pelvis

A

Sacroilial joint
Pubic symphysis

49
Q

What is the femoral canal

A

It is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath
Approximately 1.3cm long

50
Q

Where is the femoral canal located

A

Located within the femoral triangle in the anterior thigh

51
Q

The opening of the femoral canal is called what

A

Femoral ring

52
Q

The femoral ring is located where

A

At the superior border of the femoral canal

53
Q

The femoral ring is covered by a connective tissue layer known as

A

Femoral septum

54
Q

Femoral canal is bounded laterally by

A

Femoral vein

55
Q

Femoral canal is bounded medially by

A

Lacunar ligament

56
Q

Femoral canal is bounded anteriorly by

A

Inguinal ligament

57
Q

Femoral canal is bounded posteriorly by

A

pectineal ligament, superior pubic ramus and the pectineus muscle

58
Q

Contents of femoral canal

A

Lymphatic vessels – draining the deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Deep lymph node – the lacunar node.

Empty space.

Loose connective tissue.

59
Q

Function of the empty space in femor al canal

A

The empty space allowsdistensionof the adjacent femoral vein, so it can cope with increased venous return, or increased intra-abdominal pressure.

60
Q

Most common clinical correlate of the femoral canal

A

Femoral hernia-femoral canal is a common site of herniation

61
Q

Femoral hernia is more common in what sex and why

A

More common in females due to their wide bony pelvis

62
Q

What is the tarsal tunnel

A

Itis a fibro-osseous space located on the posteromedial aspect of the ankle.

63
Q

The tarsal tunnel serves as what

A

It acts as apassagewayfor tendons, nerves and vessels to travel between the posterior leg and the foot.

64
Q

Contents of Tarsal tunnel

A

Tibialis posterior tendon

Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon

Posterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial vein

Tibial nerve

FlexorHallucis longus tendon

65
Q

Tarsal tunnel is formed by what

A

Bony floor
Connective tissue roof

66
Q

The bony floor is formed by

A

It is a concave surface formed by the medial aspect of the tibia, talus and calcaneus.

67
Q

Roof of tarsal tunnel is formed by

A

It is formed by the flexor retinaculum extending from the medial malleolus to the medial tubercle of the calcaneus.

68
Q

Flexor retinaculum is continuous with what

A

Deep fascia of leg and foot

69
Q

Clinical correlates

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Lower Extremities (11 decks)

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