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Lower Extremities > Arches of the foot > Flashcards

Arches of the foot Flashcards

1
Q

List the arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal
Lateral Longitudinal
Tranverse

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2
Q

Medial longitudinal arch is located where

A

Along medial border of foot

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3
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch is located where

A

Along lateral border of foot

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4
Q

Transverse arch is located where

A

Located at the bases of the metatarsal bones

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5
Q
A

The human foot is built in such a way that it’s bones form arches which do not come in contact with the ground when standing. These arches include; you then list the arches

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6
Q

Functions of the arches of the foot

A

Distributes body weight on the bones of the foot

Acts as a shock absorber when falling on the feet

Protects plantar nerve and vessels

Gives the foot elasticity and resilience of movement during locomotion

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7
Q

Medial longitudinal arch is formed by how many bones

A

9 bones

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8
Q

List the bones of the med long arch

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms
First 3 metatarsals

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9
Q

3 factors maintain The MLA , what are they

A

Bony Support

Ligamentous support

Muscle support

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10
Q

Bony support of MLA

A

Provided by the bones that form the arch

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11
Q

Ligamentous support of MLA

A

plantar aponeurosis

spring ligament

talocalcaneal ligament

deltoid ligament

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12
Q

Muscle support of MLA

A

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

abductor hallucis

flexor digitorum brevis

tibialis posterior

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13
Q

Function of MLA

A

It plays a critical role inshock absorption and propulsion of the foot while walking

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14
Q

The peak or summit of MLA is what

A

Superior articular surface of talus

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15
Q

LLA is formed by how many bones

A

4 bones

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16
Q

List the bones of LLA

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th and 5th metatarsals

17
Q

Function of LLA

A

Concerned with support of body weight during standing

18
Q

Unique feature of LLA

A

It is not as high as MLA

FLATTER THAN MLA

Lies on the ground during standing position

19
Q

3 factors that maintain LLA

A

Bony support

Ligamentous support

Muscle support

20
Q

Bony support of LLA

A

Provided by bones that make up the arch

21
Q

Bony support of LLA

A

Provided by bones that make up the arch

22
Q

Ligamentous support of LLA

A

Interosseous

Short plantar

Plantar aponeurosis

23
Q

Muscle support of LLA

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

flexor digitorum longus

intrinsic foot muscles.

24
Q

Ant end of MLA is formed by

A

heads of the first 3 metatarsals

form ant pillar

25
Q

Post end of MLA is formed by

A

medial tubercle of calcaneus

form post pillar

26
Q

How many bones form the transverse arch

A

9

27
Q

List the bones that form the transverse arch

A

Cuboid

3 cuneiforms

base of all metatarsals

28
Q

Factors maintaining transverse arch

A

bony

ligamentous

muscle

29
Q

Bony support of transverse arch

A

Provided by bones that form the arch

30
Q

Ligamentous support of transverse arch

A

Strong plantar interosseous

ligaments of inter cuneiform joints

31
Q

Muscle support of transverse arch

A

Fibularis longus( most important)

Tibialis posterior

Transverse head of adductor hallucis

32
Q

Clinical correlates

A

Pes planus

Pes Cavus

33
Q

Pes planus

A

Pes planus is a common condition in which the longitudinal arches have been lost.

Because the arches are formed, in part, by the tight tendons of the foot, damage to these tissues through direct injury or trauma can cause pes planus.

In some individual, the arches are not formed during development hence it becomes a congenital anomaly.

Treatment involves the use of arch-supporting inserts for shoes.

34
Q

Pes cavus

A

Pes cavus is a foot condition characterized by an unusually high medial longitudinal arch.

Due to the higher arch, the ability to shock absorb during walking is diminished and an increased degree of stress is placed on the ball and heel of the foot.

It is managed by supporting the foot through the use of special shoes or sole cushioning inserts.

Reducing the amount of weight the foot has to bear can also alleviate symptoms.

Lower Extremities (11 decks)

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