Arches of the foot Flashcards
List the arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal
Lateral Longitudinal
Tranverse
Medial longitudinal arch is located where
Along medial border of foot
Lateral longitudinal arch is located where
Along lateral border of foot
Transverse arch is located where
Located at the bases of the metatarsal bones
The human foot is built in such a way that it’s bones form arches which do not come in contact with the ground when standing. These arches include; you then list the arches
Functions of the arches of the foot
Distributes body weight on the bones of the foot
Acts as a shock absorber when falling on the feet
Protects plantar nerve and vessels
Gives the foot elasticity and resilience of movement during locomotion
Medial longitudinal arch is formed by how many bones
9 bones
List the bones of the med long arch
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms
First 3 metatarsals
3 factors maintain The MLA , what are they
Bony Support
Ligamentous support
Muscle support
Bony support of MLA
Provided by the bones that form the arch
Ligamentous support of MLA
plantar aponeurosis
spring ligament
talocalcaneal ligament
deltoid ligament
Muscle support of MLA
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
tibialis posterior
Function of MLA
It plays a critical role inshock absorption and propulsion of the foot while walking
The peak or summit of MLA is what
Superior articular surface of talus
LLA is formed by how many bones
4 bones
List the bones of LLA
Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th and 5th metatarsals
Function of LLA
Concerned with support of body weight during standing
Unique feature of LLA
It is not as high as MLA
FLATTER THAN MLA
Lies on the ground during standing position
3 factors that maintain LLA
Bony support
Ligamentous support
Muscle support
Bony support of LLA
Provided by bones that make up the arch
Bony support of LLA
Provided by bones that make up the arch
Ligamentous support of LLA
Interosseous
Short plantar
Plantar aponeurosis
Muscle support of LLA
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
flexor digitorum longus
intrinsic foot muscles.
Ant end of MLA is formed by
heads of the first 3 metatarsals
form ant pillar
Post end of MLA is formed by
medial tubercle of calcaneus
form post pillar
How many bones form the transverse arch
9
List the bones that form the transverse arch
Cuboid
3 cuneiforms
base of all metatarsals
Factors maintaining transverse arch
bony
ligamentous
muscle
Bony support of transverse arch
Provided by bones that form the arch
Ligamentous support of transverse arch
Strong plantar interosseous
ligaments of inter cuneiform joints
Muscle support of transverse arch
Fibularis longus( most important)
Tibialis posterior
Transverse head of adductor hallucis
Clinical correlates
Pes planus
Pes Cavus
Pes planus
Pes planus is a common condition in which the longitudinal arches have been lost.
Because the arches are formed, in part, by the tight tendons of the foot, damage to these tissues through direct injury or trauma can cause pes planus.
In some individual, the arches are not formed during development hence it becomes a congenital anomaly.
Treatment involves the use of arch-supporting inserts for shoes.
Pes cavus
Pes cavus is a foot condition characterized by an unusually high medial longitudinal arch.
Due to the higher arch, the ability to shock absorb during walking is diminished and an increased degree of stress is placed on the ball and heel of the foot.
It is managed by supporting the foot through the use of special shoes or sole cushioning inserts.
Reducing the amount of weight the foot has to bear can also alleviate symptoms.
