Landmark

Question 1

Classify landmarks

Answer 1

(1) EXTRAORAL (a) arbitrary ‘imaginary’ (b) anatomical
(2) INTRAORAL (a) supporting structure (b) Relief areas
(c) limiting structure

Question 2

List extra oral land marks , descriptions and significance

Answer 2

(1) inter pupillary line, Imaginary line extend between 2 eye pupils when patient looking straight forward, Orientation of anterior occlusal plane parallel to this line in J.R

(2) Ala tragus line ‘camper’s line , Imaginary line extend from ala of the nose to superior border of tragus of ear , Orientation of posterior occlusal plane parallel to this line

(3) canthus tragus line
(Frankfort horizontal plane)

Imaginary line extend between outer canthus of the eye to superior border of tragus of ear

Detect location of head of condyle (where locate 13mm anterior to tragus of ear along this line)

Question 3

anatomical land marks (has…)

Answer 3

prosthetic significance

Question 4

List anatomical landmarks

Answer 4

(1) naso labial /groove/sulcus
(2) naso labial angle

(3) philtrum

(4) vermillion border

(5)angle of the mouth ‘commissure of the mouth’

(6)mental protuberance

(7) mentolabial sulcus /groove

(8) modiolus

Question 5

naso labial /groove/sulcus

Answer 5

Depression extend from lateral border of ala of nose to angle of the mouth

with teeth loss become accentuated ( in depression) so must be restored by proper thickness of labial flange

Question 6

naso labial angle

Answer 6

Angle ( ) base of nose and upper lip

• •
it is right angle 90°
with loss of teeth become obtuse angle as dropping of upper lip so restored by proper setting of anterior teeth and proper thickness of flange

if thickness of flange and labial protrusion of anterior teeth become acute angle

Question 7

philtrum

Answer 7

Diamond shape depression below base of nose of upper lip

with loss of teeth become flattened ‘disappear‘ so should be restored by proper setting of anterior teeth and proper thickness of labial flange

Question 8

vermillion border

Answer 8

Transitional epithelium between skin and mucous membrane

with loss of teeth and labial bone resorption so support of lips so (1)diminution of vermillion border of upper lip

(2)accentuation of it in lower lip
So should be restored by proper thickness of labial flange and proper alignment /setting of anterior teeth

Question 9

(5)angle of the mouth ‘commissure of the mouth’

Answer 9

May have (angular chelitis ) inflammation with accumulation of saliva at angle of mouth

Caused by
(1) long span edentulous patient
(2) denture with low vertical dimension So should construct denture with accurate vertical dimension
(3) vitamin B deficiency
• Used to detect width of anterior
teeth as 2 canine locate at it

Question 10

mental protuberance

Answer 10

Tip of chin ,,bony prominence at inferior border of mandible at midline

Above it, there is mentolabial sulcus/groove

Question 11

mentolabial sulcus /groove

Answer 11

Depression extend horizontally between lower lip and chin
.
.

Detect maxillomandibular relation (angle classification )
If angle slight obtuse angle class I (overjet1;2mm)
If angle acute angle class II ‘maxillary protrusion ‘ (overjet 6;8mm)
If angle 180 (flat) angle class III ‘mandibular protrusion (overjet 0mm or reversed)

Question 12

modiolus

Answer 12

Connection between buccinators , orbicularisoris ,other facial muscles near to angle of mouth

With loss of teeth become nearer to angle of mouth and give sunken cheeks so should be restored by proper thickness of flange at lower premolar