Landing Gear, Ice & Rain, Fire Flashcards
Which hyd system controls the gear?
A
How are nose wheels stopped when retracted?
Snubber pad in wheel well
How are main wheels stopped when retracted?
Normal brakes auto applied
What is the frangible fitting?
If a tyre blows and auto brakes fail to stop the wheel spinning, on retraction the flailing tyre strands will break the frangible strut at the opening of the wheel bay. This will cause an immediate hyd leak stopping retraction of that leg. 2-4 litres of hyd will be lost before the leak is cut off and the gear lowers back down, preventing damage inside the wheel bay
If eng 1 fails on TO how is the gear raised?
LGTU, uses B system hyd to raise the gear
What are the criteria for the LGTU to work?
- Airborne
- no 1 eng fail
- gear handle up
- EITHER main leg not locked up
If hyd A fails how can gear be lowered?
Manual extension handles pulled, lock release, then gravity & aero drop
How is NWS controlled from the flt deck?
Tiller (capt only except a few ac)(+/-78 degs) NWS (+/-7degs)
How is the gear held up?
Mechanical locks, selecting OFF depressurises the hyd
Can you raise the gear handle on the gnd?
No A-G logic prevents it
If the emergency gear lowering handle door (aft of the aft elecs panel on the floor) is open, what does this prevent?
Raising the gear
When is NWS enabled?
Gear handle down and nose leg oleo compressed
Are the alt gear green on the o’head panel just bulb repeaters?
No, separate sensing system
What types of brakes are there, how do you tell?
- Carbon – listed on DS app as CAT-N
- Steel – listed on DS app as CAT-C
How should you brake with carbon brakes?
Long steady applications (life is limited by applications)
How should you brake with steel brakes?
Short small applications (life is limited by temperature)
What indication is there on flt deck that the alternate brakes are being used?
None directly, you may have the associated warnings from a hyd fail. Also auto brake will not arm, but this may be due to a different failure
What 3 braking systems are available?
Normal (hyd B), alternate (hyd A), accumulator (from stored hyd B)
Is anti-skid available with altn or accumulator braking
Yes, but works on pairs of wheels on altn. Reverts to individual wheels with accumulator as it is back through the normal (hyd B) valves
If hyd A fails, can auto brakes be used?
Yes, they only work on normal (hyd B)
Approx how many applications will the brake accumulator give you?
7
How do you know the accumulator is discharged?
Residual 1000psi base nitrogen pressure
If you select auto brake 2 and use REV thrust, how much less distance will you stop in?
None, auto brake assumes no REV or spoilers. If REV and spoilers are available, auto brake is reduced to give the same rollout distance
When do auto brakes come on?
Both TLs at closed and main wheels >60 kts
If you forget, can you set auto brake after landing?
Yes, down to 30 kts
What do you need to preselect RTO auto brake?
- On gnd
- Auto brake avail (hyd B) Anti-skid available
- TLs at closed
- <60kts
With RTO selected, you STOP at 80kts, when does braking occur?
It won’t, you have to manually brake. RTO braking is only available >88kts
What would happen if you left RTO selected for landing?
2 sec after landing it will deselect = no auto braking
What Thermal Anti-Icing (TAI) is provided?
Engine cowl, wing LE, AD Pitot, rudder PCU pitot
Where on the upper DU is selection of TAI shown?
Above N1 gauge, amber TAI = valves in transit / green = valves open
What causes a COWL ANTI ICE amber?
Overpressure only
Having selected engine TAI the COWL valve lights stay bright blue, what does this mean?
Bright blue = not in labelled position so not fully open
Dim blue = open = correct function
(Indications mirrored with amber/green TAI on upper DU)
What happens if you select wing TAI on the gnd?
Slat temp is monitored to prevent overheating, the TAI will cycle on and off to maintain temp and the blue valve lights will switch bright to dim and cycle
What happens if you TO with wing TAI selected?
Bleeds are auto closed on TO (even with swx left on) wing TAI operates from the bleeds so ‘’stops’’ valve lights go bright blue and once airborne the switch trips off.
After TO will wing TAI auto swx back on?
No, crew need to reselect the swx on
Which ADIRU sensors are not heated?
Only the static vents
Are all slats heated with wing TAI?
No, only the 3 inboard on each wing
Does eng TAI stop if you select bleeds off?
No (different logic to wing TAI)
How many wiper switches are there?
2, one each Capt and FO
Wiper limits?
Don’t use on a dry window.
What if you crew in and the wipers are up and it’s dry?
Open the windows and manually lower them, or
Pour some water on the screen and re park them.
Can you use wing TAI if you’ve been anti-iced?
no
Does selecting eng or wing TAI adjust the FMC Vref speeds?
No, crew need to manually add for lost performance
Selecting eng TAI off, the valve stays bright blue, what does this mean?
Valve not shut, if >10 deg TAT limit that engine to 80% N1 if possible
If L1 windscreen heat fails what is the lim?
Actions from QRH. OFF light (or no ON light) max 250KIAS below 10000ft
Max temp to use eng or wing TAI?
+10
Window electric heating ON light goes off on gnd (or OFF light goes on)?
Windows aim to regulate at 43 deg, on the gnd they may reach this and the electric heater will cycle. Associated ON/OFF lights will cycle.
What is the danger of a window heat pwr test?
Normal window heating starts with reduced current and builds up to prevent thermal shock on cold windows. Pwr test uses full current immediately, if held on more than momentarily it can crack the windows through thermal shock (rapid hot from cold)
Should you use the wipers to clear de-icing fluid?
No it will smear opaque and block your view
On stby power what pitots are heated?
Only the Capt’s (not even the stby)
When you select eng TAI how is stall logic affected?
When on, stall logic is changed to give a bigger buffer for ice build up. When off, this buffer is returned to normal
When you select wing TAI how is stall logic affected?
When on, stall logic is changed to give a bigger buffer for ice build up. When off, this buffer remains (assumes the outboard slats, unheated, are iced up) the icing condition stall buffer remains for the rest of the flight
Should you select eng start swx or TAI first?
Swich eng start swx to cont before selecting TAI on,
Select TAI off before eng start swx to off.
Turn the oven on, put the cake in. Take the cake out, turn the oven off.
What are icing conditions?
<10 deg C and visible moisture (or standing water/contaminant)
When should you select eng TAI on?
Whenever in icing conditions (you can select it off for climb and cruise <-40 deg C!)
How do you know if windows L & R 3 are heated?
They have a black puck on them the size of a 10p piece for thermal regulation
Which switch controls the window heat for which windows?
‘FWD’ = L1 & R1
‘SIDE’ = L2 & 3 and R2 & 3 (not all 3s are heated)
If any window heat is US what is the spped restriction?
Max 250 KIAS <10000ft
What are the flt deck indications of alt brakes?
None (although AUTO BRAKE DISARM and associated HYD cautions expected)
Normal and alt brakes lost, what brakes do you have?
Several applications with the accumulator
What does Green window heat ON or AMBER OFF mean?
Heat is being applied to the window (some ac have amber OFF instead of green ON, the logic is exactly reversed)
Where are extinguishers powed from?
Most from the hot bat BUS, so will work at any time.
Where are detectors powered?
All except the wheel bay by DC. WHEEL requires AC
How are extinguisher bottle squibs tested?
EXT TEST, should get 3 greens on both tests. 2 or 4 greens on cargo panel
What effect does pulling an engine fire swx have?
Arms the squib
Closes fuel, hyd and bleed cut offs (deactivates hyd EDP low pressure light) Disables the REV
Trips off gen control
Allows the switch to rotate
Why are there 4 light grey panels on the overhead panel?
Fuel, electric, hyd, bleed air, all things shut off to the engine by the fire swx
What detect systems are single / double loop?
Cargo and engines = double loop
APU and wheel well = single loop
When do discharge lights come on?
After the full bottle has been discharged (not to say it is discharging)
Having pulled the left fire swx, how do you discharge the right fire bottle into engine 1?
Rotate it to the right
How do you manually unlock the fire swxs?
Push button under the ‘handle’ (not handle) part
How is a toilet fire extinguisher activation annunciated on the flt deck?
It isn’t. Bins have to be checked and visually inspected
How is a toilet smoke detector annunciated?
Flashing light and alarm in cabin/toilet.
Some ac have a flt deck amber caption
How do the engine loop fire wires detect?
- They are sealed tubes containing gas that expands and increases in pressure when heated. This pressure increase is measured
- Once past limit 1 = amber OVR HEAT
- Once past limit 2 = fire warning (always with an OVR HEAT)
- If pressure drops to ambient (leak) = fail
What are the indications of a fire being extinguished?
The fire handle light (and amber overheat) go out
During flt if a single loop fails, what indication?
Only on recall
If a loop has failed on pre start test?
Fire switch will not illuminate. Selecting A or B switch will show FAULT on the failed loop. (You can dispatch on a single loop)
Ground personnel APU fire warnings?
Flashing Light and horn in main wheel bay
How do you activate the APU fire bottle form the wheel bay?
- Press the button to canx the horn and make the light steady
- Pull the red handle (this is like pulling the fire swx up)
- Rock over the swx (this is like rotating the fire handle)
How many bottles are there?
- 2 shared between the 2 engines
- 1 for the APU
- 1 or 2 shared between the cargo bays
How do you know if you have 2 cargo bay bottles?
There will be 2 green EXT test lights per bottle (so 4 for a double bottle ac)
How do you select the bottle for the cargo bay?
- You don’t. when you press the DISCH button the first bottle is emptied giving 60 mins of suppression, after 60 min the 2nd bottle is automatically discharged at a reduced rate to give another 2 hours of suppression.
- Total 3 hours.
- (If only 1 bottle it is fully discharged at first press giving 60 mins suppression)
How is a wheel well fire controlled
Follow the QRH. Gear is lowered, there is no extinguisher
Warnings for an eng fire?
- Glare shield: 2 x FIRE WARN, 2 x MC, annunciator OVHT/DET
- Audio bell
- Fire panel: assoc fire swx lit red, assoc ENG OVERHEAT
Warnings for a wheel well fire?
- Glare shield: 2 x FIRE WARN
- Audio bell
- Fire panel: WHEEL WELL red
- (NB none of the amber cautions for wheel well)
Why might the cargo bay fire warning remain on after the fire is out?
The detectors are smoke detectors, the suppressant can trigger the detectors
How long can the cargo DISCH take to come on?
up to 30 sec
Engine 2 loop fire detect logic?
FAULT INOP test?
5 lights total (2 x MC, Annunciator OVHT/DET, FAULT & APU DET INOP)
OVHT test?
- 5 up (2 x FIRE, 2 x MC & annunciator OVHT/DET)
- Cancel the bell warning
- 6 down (3 x fire swxs, 2 x ENG OVERHEAT & WHEEL WELL)
- (WHEEL WELL will only illum with AC power i.e. with gnd power pre-APU)
CARGO test?
- 2 up (2 x FIRE) (note no MC as no amber warning illumed) Cancel the bell
- 5(7) down (FWD, AFT, DISCH & 2(4) x green squibs)
With transponder to XPDR or ALT ON, what TCAS funcs are available?
None
Where are the TCAS controls?
On the transponder
Definition of proximate traffic?
+/-1200ft <6nm (white diamond)
Vert arrow next to a traffic symbol?
ROC/ROD of >500ft per min
‘CLIMB, CLIMB NOW’ what mvr?
Change from descent to a climb
OEI, TCAS selections?
TA only due to limited climb performance preventing correct RA response
Conflict between TCAS and ATC, what do you do?
Follow TCAS
At what ht should RAs not be followed?
Always follow them, but they are inhibited below 1000ft RALT
What does the fire warning bell cut out swx do?
Cancels both FIRE WARN reds Silences fire bell
Silences APU bell
Silences the horn
Resets the system to show new faults
What does the FAULT | INOP test test?
Tests for faults (rock left) (not the detection loops – this is a rock right) (CIRCUIT)
When is the fire switch automatically released?
When it illuminates red
What is main wheel fire protection?
Requires AC to detect, no extinguisher
If transponder is US, what TCAS functionality do you have?
None
When are windshear alerts available?
TO, app and land
How do you know the tail skid is serviceable?
Red and green is visible on the walk around
When is TO CONFIG armed?
On ground either or both TLs forward for TO
Alt flap max speed?
As per lims (just NB the 230 KIAS limit is for fully extended LE slats and applies for TE flap UP, 1,2 and 5. If you have TE flap at 10 or 15, max speed is still 210 or 200 KIAS even if lowered via alt)
