Flight Control, LVO & APU Flashcards
Max min oxy for flt deck dispatch?
Max 1850psi, min in the MEL CDL dependant on temps and crew. (Worst case min 735 psi)
Alt flap swx selection lims?
15 secs between selections to prevent clutch damage, after a full cycle UP- 15-UP must wait 5 mins for cooling
Can you switch off flt deck oxy?
No, the valve is by the bottle and not accessible from the flt deck
If during the oxy test the pressure reduces by >100psi what does this likely show?
Oxy bottle off at valve, you’ve just purged residual pressure from the pipes
Differences to TO thrust setting if using TAI?
PF sets 70% and holds on the brakes for 30 sec before TOGA press
If electric trim fails, how is pitch trimmed?
Manually, via the handle
How many pitch trims are there?
- Main electric and AP are 2 different input channels to the same electric motor, and the manual wheel
How is roll control provided?
8 wing spoilers and ailerons
If half the roll control jams, how can lateral control be maintained?
Capt and FOs controls are connected by an aileron transfer mechanism (ATM) for roll, if one jams the other overcomes spring pressure to ‘break out’ of a cam lock and control roll.
Do mechanical controls from both control wheels attach to the same thing?
No, Capt’s roll is connected to ailerons, FOs to spoilers, both wheels connected together. If there’s a jam on one side the other respective control surfaces will move. (but NB spoilers always need hyd A or B pressure)
Limitation if only ailerons or spoilers are working?
Roll rate will be reduced in both cases. If only spoilers working (FO), the control wheel must be turned by at least 10 degrees to initiate any spoiler deployment
What if half the pitch control jams?
Elevator brake out mechanism connects Capt and FOs controls, works similar to the ATM, allowing one to ‘break out’ if the other is jammed
At what speed does mach trim operate?
Above 0.615m
What is the function of the stab trim override swx on the aft electrics panel?
Reverse electric trim is inhibited (ie cant trim up while pressing forward), this override switch allows reverse trim (should someone slump fwd on the controls allows the other person to trim back)
What is the function of the stab trim cut out swxs on the control stand?
These electrically isolate the main and AP electric trim to guard against a trim run away
What hyd system powers the rudder?
A, B and stby
What feel is provided for the primary controls?
Elevators = ‘Q feel’. Rudder and aileron = spring resistance
What is the posn of the LE HLDs at flap 5?
LE slats extended (1/2) LE flaps fully extended (both SPF and non SPF)
What is the position of the LE HLDs at flap 15?
- SFP = LE slats extended (1/2) LE flaps fully extended
- Non SFP = LE slats and flaps fully extended
How do you identify a SPF ac?
On the DS app it is listed as W.1
When do the LE slats extend or extend fully?
- SFP = extend (1/2) at flap 1-25. Extend fully at flap 30-40
- Non SFP = extend (1/2) at flap 1-5. Extend fully at flap 10-40
What is the change to ‘app to gnd idle’ time with SPF aircraft?
Reduced from 5 sec to 2 secs after touchdown
Change to spoiler deployment on gnd with SFP version?
Non SFP = after touch down flt spoilers deploy to 33-38 deg, gnd spoilers deploy to 52 deg
SFP = after touch down all spoilers deploy to 60 deg
When will the flap load relief system (FLRS) operate?
SFP = flap 10-40
Non SFP = flap 30-40
Flaps will auto raise if limit speed exceeded 1 knt over, back at 4 knt under (flap lever does not move, flap gauge will show the change)
What speed does the FLRS operate at?
Auto retraction 1 kt above the stated limit, auto re-extension once 4 kts below the limit
What are the conditions for auto gnd spoiler deployment?
- Hyd A must be running
- Speed brake lever armed & ARMED illuminated
- <10 ft RALT
- Any Gear leg compressed activates all flt spoilers
- Right main leg compressed activated gnd spoilers
- Main gear spin up to >60kts
What is the max alt for flap deployment?
20,000ft
With the speed brakes deployed is roll rate increased or decreased?
Increased
What is ‘Q feel’?
Hyd A, B and dynamic pressure (2 x pitots on tail) are sensed by the elevator feel comp these then vary the control pressure to regulate feel through the envelope (high speed = high hyd pressure / low speed = low hyd pressure) (It replicates dynamic load feedback to the controls)
SMYD (stall management yaw damper), what does it do to the elevator feel computer if it senses approaching stall?
Inputs false Q-feel pressure making it hard to pull back on the controls
FEEL DIFF PRESS?
Comes on with 30 sec of differential (>25%) between hyd A and B pressure. Will come on and cause a MC 30 secs after you swx on the ELEC 1 hyd pump pre start (as the ELEC 2 remains off until bypass pin confirmed)
What is the Speed trim system (STS)?
At low gross weight, aft CoG and high thrust the ac auto trims to stay speed stable (you’ll normally see this as uncommanded trim just after TO)
How are STS and mach trim controlled?
By the AP FCCs, even if AP not engaged
How are the spoilers on the wing controlled?
Outer and inner = gnd spoilers hyd A only
Middle 4 = flt spoilers, from outboard to inboard hyd A-B-A-B
(G-A-B-A-B-G fuselage G-B-A-B-A-G)
When does electric and AP trim speed change?
Flap not up = hi speed
Flap up = low speed
Can manual and electric trim trim the same amount?
No, electric trim is limited to a smaller range than manual, although if outside the electric range you can use electric to bring it back into range
Can you aileron trim with AP in?
You can, but you mustn’t. Trim is held by AP, and on AP disconnect there will be a large trim roll force
Can you elevator trim with AP in?
No, causes AP disconnect
Can you rudder trim with AP in?
Yes
Does rudder trim and yaw damp make the pedals move?
Trim yes, yaw damp no.
How can you detect TE flap asymmetry?
The dial has 2 needles that will split to show each wing if different
What is the speed brake load alleviation system?
Only on ac originally non wingleted, retrofitted with winglets. Wings not strong enough for torsional force with speed brake fully deployed at high speed. >320KIAS and >70.3kkg. Speed brake auto retracts to 50%
Can you override the speed brake alleviation?
Yes, by holding the lever fully to flt
When do the spoilers raise on an RTO?
When selected, or
Automatically on selection of REV if in the down detent
What happens if you forget to arm the speed brake for landing?
They will deploy on selecting REV
What happens if you move the TLs with spoilers deployed on the gnd?
Spoilers auto stow if TLs moved from idle
Alt flap swx selection lims?
15 secs between selections to prevent clutch damage, after a full cycle UP- 15-UP must wait 5 mins for cooling
Alt flap deployment?
LE flap and slat fully extended on any down selection using hyd pressure cannot be raised.
TE flap can be moved electrically from UP to 40 and back (not normally >15)
Should you use normal landing flap if using altn flap?
No due to the poor GA performance and slow travel up time, limit to flap 15 for landing
Does auto slat work with flap up?
No, no protection in the cruise
What does auto slat do in ref to a stall?
Any time the LE slats are extended (1/2) and approaching stall is detected they are moved to fully extended
(SPF this is in flap 1-25)
(Non SPF this is in flap 1-5)
Do you always have full rudder authority?
No, above 135 KIAS rudder authority is reduced with a 25% pressure reduction at the Pressure control unit (PCU)
When is the stby yaw damper active?
Only with both hyd A and B failed
What degradation do you get to primary flying controls with either A or B failure?
‘’No degradation’’ (although you only have 1⁄2 the spoilers so the roll must be slightly reduced….)
LE FLAP TRANSIT amber shows until when on alt flap selection?
As well as normal LE flap and slat logic, if using alt flap the amber LE warning will stay on until TE flap reaches:
SFP = 15 deg
Non SFP = 10 deg
What do winglets do?
Improve performance, give extra range and increase fuel efficiency
Do you still get spoiler activation with total hyd failure?
No, they need hyd A or B to raise (Capt/FO’s reversionary controls cater for control restrictions)
Where is the aileron trim switch?
Aft elec panel
What type of feedback do the controls have?
Elevators = artificial feel (Q-feel) Aileron and rudder = springs
What does the rudder FFM do?
Compares hyd A vs B and prevents full deflection if one is malfunctioning
SFP aircraft, TE flap selected to 15, where is LE slat?
Extended (1/2) and auto slat is available
What does selecting OFF on the FLT CONTROL swx do?
Isolates the primary controls via the flt control cut off valve but doesn’t activate the stby hyd pump
What happens when you select alt flap to ARM?
Closes TE flap bypass valve, activates stby hyd pump and arms the alt flap swx
Wind limits for auto land?
25 head, 20 x-wind, 10 tail
What do red/white c’line lights mean?
900m
What do orange rwy edge lights mean?
600m
What do red c’line lights mean?
300m
How do you know you are clear of the active rwy with LVO in force?
Taxi c’line lights change from amber/green to all green. You must ensure the ac tail is clear of this change before calling vacated
Your destination wx requires a Cat 2 approach, diversion mins?
Above Cat 1 minima for +/-1 hour
Min VISUAL req for a Cat 2 app at DA?(5)
3 consecutive lights of:
* C’line
* App
* T’down zone
* Rwy c’line
* Rwy edge
* Plus a lateral reference
What are the visual min for a Cat 3 app at DA?
As per Cat 2 but without a lateral reference
What is fail passive?
If fails, it disengages without significant deviation in trim, flt path or attitude. Landing or GA is completed manually
What is fail operational?
App, flare and land are completed automatically in the event of a failure.
How do you ensure best possible view during LV app?
Seat height eye reference position accurate. Highest flap setting possible (creates lower longditudinal attitude, lower nose, and better view)
Normal LVP criteria?
200ft ceiling and 800m RVR
What is the company min RVR/DA?
Cat 2 = 300m / 100ft
Cat 3 = 200m / 50ft (generic lim for Cat 3 is <100ft, company docs state 50ft)
What are the minima for Capt/FO TO in LVO?
FO min 400m RVR
Capt min 125m RVR (additional lighting reqs <150m (c’line every 15m) and must be able to see 90m)
What are the min for Cat 1 apps?
550m RVR / 200ft
Max sequential apps?
2, unless emergency or sig change in reported wx
What is cloud ceiling?
Base of cloud sufficient to obscure 50% of the sky
What is DH?
Height of main wheels above rwy
ILS critical area?
Vehicles (inc ac) excluded,protected, prohibited
ILS sensitive area?
Vehicles (inc ac) allowed but movement is controlled
What are LVPs?
Actions at aerodromes to prevent vehicles (inc ac) entering the area protected for TO and landing, and to protect ILS crit and sensitive areas
Correct comms during a LVO RTO?
FO ‘900m’ – Capt ‘check 900’ – FO ‘300m’ – Capt ‘check 300’
What is an approach ban?
- If RVR below minima do not go below 1000ft
- if DA is >1000ft above aerodrome
- Do not past the final app segment (FAF).
What if you are below 1000ft and the RVR reduces below minima?
You may continue the app to DA/DH
Auto land lims?
30 or 40 only (company SOP flap 40)
Both engines op
Must have both APs
No degradation to flt control authority
Nothing preventing visual acquisition at min (i.e. failed wipers)
If you are calculating landing distance from the QRH, what does Autoland need consideration for?
Longer roll out due to slower flare. 737-800 = +125m
737-800 W = + 140m
Can/should you intercept ILS from above?
You can, but you shouldn’t, false signals can be captured (around 9 & 15 degs). Crew should notice abnormal high ROD (and wrong pitch attitude!)
Recommended taxi speed in LVO?
10 kts max, stop for checks
How is RVR reported?
- 25 m steps to 400m
- 50m steps to 800m
- 100m steps >800m
What are DA/DH minima referenced to?
Cat 1 = Baro, Cat 2/3 = RALT
Fuel considerations for LVO?
Departure = consider 30 mins taxi fuel Arrival = consider 30 mins holding fuel
What is the controlling RVR?
The touchdown, although mid and stop must still be in limits if roll out is going to use them (rollout classed as >60kts)
What colour is the MAINT light and what does it mean?
Blue, continue normal ops, requires ground maint
What is max EGT?
No limit, self-regulating
What are the APU fire indications off of the flt deck?
Flashing light and horn in main wheel well. Press the light to cancel the horn, light goes steady then pull the handle and flick the swx for the extinguisher.
What does APU OVERSPEED mean
When running = RPM limit exceeded = auto shutdown and FAULT, or
When shutting down = Overspeed self-test failed on shutdown
How long does the APU take to start?
Circa 120 secs
Time limit after 3 aborted starts?
15 min
If LOW OIL PRESSURE illuminates?
Auto shutdown
APU: How many fire bottles?
1
Which way do you have to turn the fire swx to fire the extinguisher?
either
How many air con packs can be run from the APU?
2 g 1 air
How many AC Trans BUSs can be powered in the air?
both
Where is APU fuel normally fed from?
Left manifold, with any left ctr or main tank pump on
If no pumps are on, how is fuel fed?
Suction from the left main tank (some APUs have their own self powered fuel pump, but this is not fleet wide so default SOP is to assume no pump)
Where does elec power to start the APU come from?
1 AC trans BUS if gnd power applied, or
The battery
What are the electrical switching reqs of the APU?
APU fire handle (flt deck) in
APU fire swx (Main wheel bay) in
Bat swx on
How is availability of elec from the APU indicated?
The APU GEN OFF BUS light will illuminate (different logic to main GEN OFF BUS lights)
How long do you have to run the APU before drawing bleed air?
2 mins (from APU GEN OFF BUS LIGHT coming on – this signifies the end of the start cycle)
How long do you have to run the APU before drawing elec load?
As soon as the blue light comes on you can put the APU on BUS
What is the shut down procedure
Wait at least 1 min from selecting bleed off before selecting the APU swx to off, the APU then runs for a further minute before shutting down. Do not switch off the battery during this 1 min self run down. Company SOP from elec power down procedure is to wait at least 2 mins from the APU GEN OFF BUS light extinguishing before switching the battery off.
Why the lengthy shut down?
The 2 mins running without load allows the APU to cool, reduces thermal shock and prevents damage
What does pulling the APU fire swx do?
Shuts off bleed air, shuts off fuel, arms the fire bottle squib
Ht lims for when can/should you start the APU when airborne?
If AC trans BUS 1 powered you can start all the way up to 41000ft
If starting from battery, recommended to wait until below 25000ft
When will the APU ‘LOW OIL PRESSURE’ light come on?
Disabled until APU reaches 95%, oil P is then checked and if low, will illum the amber caption
If EGT rises due to excessive load, what happens?
If during a start cycle, elec load will be shed to preserve bleed are for start.
If not during a start cycle, bleed will be shed to preserve electric load
