Landing

Question 1

What is LDA, what are the LDA parameters

Answer 1

• landing distance available

- is the runway length (TORA) with no obstacle in path

Question 2

what are the LDA parameters with obstacles

Answer 2

at a distance 60m back from threshold, a minimum 300m width extending outwards by 15%

Question 3

what is Vls

Answer 3

• lowest selectable speed
• Vls = 1.23Vs1g
• speed no less than Vls to 50ft above rwy.

Question 4

what is Vapp

Answer 4

• Final approach speed
• speed during landing at 50ft above runway
• Vapp must be greater than/equal to Vls

Question 5

how is Vapp determined

Answer 5

= Vls + wind correction (minimum 5kts, max 15kts)

Question 6

what is Vref

Answer 6

• reference speed (incase of emergency/abnormal config)

Question 7

what is Vref

Answer 7

• reference speed (incase of emergency/abnormal config)
• Vref = Vls in CONF FULL
• for non-normal, Vapp = Vref + delta Vinop

Question 8

What is ALD

Answer 8

• Accelerate landing distance
• the distance from 50ft above runway to where the aircraft comes to a complete stop.
• correction of no more than 50% HW and 150% TW

Question 9

what effect does an automatic landing have on ALD

Answer 9

• it increases ALD on the ground and in air phase compared to a manual landing

Question 10

What is an approach climb? what are the speeds for each config and climb gradients

Answer 10

• it is the aircraft’s ability to climb with 1 engine inoperative

CONFIGS:

• 1 engine inop, slats and flaps in apprch
• TOGA thrust, 1.23 vs1g less than v less than 1.41 vs1g.
• Gear up, V greater than/equal to Vmcl.

Question 11

what are the minimum gradients for a landing climb

Answer 11

twin - 2.1%

Quad - 2.7%

Question 12

What is a landing climb? what are the configs for a landing climb

Answer 12

• a landing climb is a constraint to ensure climb capability for te MAP with all engines running

(configs)

• N engines
• from idle to TOGA, thrust avbl 8 seconds later
• gear down
• flaps and slats in LDG config
• 1.13Vs1g < V < 1.23Vs1g
• V > Vmcl

Question 13

what is the min gradient for a landing climb?

Answer 13

3.2% for all aircraft types

Question 14

What is RLD

Answer 14

• Required landing distance

- used to assist operations in defining minimum distance required at destination

Question 15

what are the RLD considerations

Answer 15

• slope must be considered if greater than +/- 2%
• available runway length must be at least equal to RLD with failure
• LDA must be greater than or equal to LDA

Question 16

what are the RLD considerations on a dry runway

Answer 16

• aircraft landing weight must permit landing within 60% of LDA at destination and any alternate
• RLD = 1.667 x ALD

Question 17

what are the RLD considerations on a wet runway

Answer 17

• LDA must be greater than or equal to 1.15RLDdry

- required landing distance must be 115% of dry surface

Question 18

what are the RLD considerations on a contaminated runway

Answer 18

• RLDcontaminated is the greatest of:
• ALDcontaminated x 1.15 OR
• RLDwet

Question 19

what are the RLD considerations with auto landing

Answer 19

• RLDauto is the greatest of:
• ALDauto x 1.15 OR
• RLDmanual

Question 20

What are the go-around requirements for normal approach

Answer 20

2. 1% for twin

2. 7% for quad

Question 21

What are the go-around requirements for CAT II and III approach

Answer 21

2. 5% for all aircraft types OR

- the published gradient (whichever’s higher)

Question 22

what is max regulatory landing weight (MLW) the sum of

Answer 22

• max structural weight

- ma performance weight

Question 23

what are the fuel jettisoning conditions

Answer 23

• after flying for 15mins at MTOW, if the aircraft can’t maintain a 2.1, 2.7% (most restrictive) climb gradient on the go-around then a fuel jettison system is required