Land Preparation

Question 1

LAND PREPARATION

Answer 1

1. make soil ready for planting
2. extent of preparation depend on existing vegetation and crop requirements

Question 2

PROCESSES INVOLVED IN LAND PREPARATION

Answer 2

1. plowing
2. harrowing
3. furrowing

Question 3

BENEFITS OF LAND PREPARATION

Answer 3

1. provide excellent condition for crop growth
2. control weeds
3. reduce harmful microorganisms
4. incorporate organic matter

Question 4

METHODS OF LAND PREPARATION (LOWLAND)

Answer 4

1. tillage when soil is fully saturated with water
2. involved puddling the soil (plowing then harrowing)
3. final step is leveling and marking

Question 5

IMPACT OF PUDDLING THE SOIL

Answer 5

1. soil structure is destroyed
2. soil is compacted at plow sole layer
3. reduced percolation and seepage

Question 6

TOOLS USED FOR LAND PREPARATION (LOWLAND)

Answer 6

1. moldboard plow
2. comb-tooth harrow
3. wooded leveler
4. tractor

Question 7

MARKER

Answer 7

1. facilitate transplanting

Question 8

CHARACTERISTICS OF IDEAL PADDY SOIL

Answer 8

1. small particle size/aggregates
2. low hydraulic conductivity
3. high bulk density
4. neutral pH
5. level and weed-free

Question 9

REQUIREMENTS FOR LOWLAND CULTIVATION

Answer 9

1. soaking time: 1-3 months
2. water: 200-700 mm for puddling (at least 400 mm of accumulated rainfall)
3. labor: 20 md/ha with 1 draft animal

Question 10

METHODS OF LAND PREPARATION (UPLAND)

Answer 10

1. tillage done when soil moisture is near field capacity
2. application of plowing, harrowing, rotavator

Question 11

FIELD CAPACITY

Answer 11

1. soil condition where excess water has been fully drained

Question 12

INDICATORS THAT SOIL IS AT FIELD CAPACITY

Answer 12

1. squeezing and forming a ball without water coming out
2. friable and break easy
3. slide freely from the plow
4. should not glisten with moisture

Question 13

SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AT FIELD CAPACITY (SANDY)

Answer 13

1. 6-10%

Question 14

SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AT FIELD CAPACITY (LOAMY)

Answer 14

1. 18-26%

Question 15

SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AT FIELD CAPACITY (CLAYEY)

Answer 15

1. 23-29%

Question 16

CONTOUR PLOWING

Answer 16

1. tillage is done following the contour lines

Question 17

CARABAO DRAWN TOOLS FOR LAND PREPARATION (UPLAND)

Answer 17

1. spike tooth harrow (kalmot)
2. furrower (lithao)

Question 18

TRACTOR DRAWN TOOLS FOR LAND PREPARATION (UPLAND)

Answer 18

1. moldboard plow
2. disc plow
3. disc harrow
4. furrower
5. rotavator

Question 19

FURROWS

Answer 19

1. shallow canals of specified distances
2. where seedlings are planted

Question 20

RIDGES

Answer 20

1. raised bed formed between furrows
2. planting area during rainy season

Question 21

CHARACTERISTICS OF WELL-PREPARED UPLAND SOIL

Answer 21

1. granular and friable
2. stubbles and weeds thoroughly incorporated
3. leveled

Question 22

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION

Answer 22

1. conventional tillage
2. minimum tillage
3. no tillage

Question 23

LAND PREPARATION FOR PERENNIAL CROPS

Answer 23

1. extent depends on condition of land
2. may or may not involve plowing and harrowing
3. requires cutting of grasses
4. adopts minimum tillage

Question 24

LAYING OUT

Answer 24

1. system of planting
2. planting distance depends on species and growing condition

Question 25

SYSTEMS OF PLANTING

Answer 25

1. square
2. triangular
3. quincunx

Question 26

DIGGING OF HOLES

Answer 26

1. should be big and deep (for addition of compost)
2. topsoil should be separated from sub-soil during digging