Lameness

Question 1

Why do flexion tests

Answer 1

Irritates the nerve ends in the FIBROUS JOINT CAPSULE and exaggerates lameness

Question 2

What is the best gait to evaluate lameness

Answer 2

Slow trot

Question 3

What is the best surface to evaluate a lameness

Answer 3

Asphalt

Question 5

What is a grade 1 lameness

Answer 5

Lameness is difficult to observe and is not consistently apparent

Question 6

What is grade 2 lameness

Answer 6

Difficult to observe at walk or when trotting in straight lighten but consistent when weight-carrying, circles, incline, hard surface

Question 7

What is a grade 3 lameness

Answer 7

Lameness is consistently observable at trot under all circumstances

Question 8

What is a grade 4 lameness

Answer 8

Lameness is obvious at a walk

Question 9

What is grade 5 lameness

Answer 9

Minimal weight bearing in motion and/or at rest or complete inability to move

Question 10

what is this and what is it commonly attributed to

Answer 10

Club foot typically problem with upper forelimb- shoulder or elbow

Shoulder OCD

Question 11

Head goes down on what leg

Answer 11

Sound
Up on lame limb

Question 12

Which leg lameness increases in a circle

Answer 12

Inside leg

Question 13

In a circle normally which limb lands harder

Answer 13

Outside

Question 14

For hindlimb lameness what happens to lame hip

Answer 14

Goes higher and drops faster

Question 15

With hindlimb lameness what happens on contralateral front limb

Answer 15

Will land harder

Question 16

Ex: horse is RH lame what front limb is landing harder

Answer 16

Left

Question 17

For multi limb lameness what should you observe in forelimbs

Answer 17

Straight and in circle
Bilateral stride is short and stiff

Question 18

For hindlimb multi limb lameness what should you watch

Answer 18

Straight, going by, stride shortens, bilateral back pain

Question 19

What imaging technique is very useful for multi limb lameness

Answer 19

Scintigraphy

Question 20

How can you evaluate heel pain

Answer 20

Stand frog on hoof knife handle for 30 seconds and pick up other limb

Question 21

What flexion tests are these

Answer 21

left: digital flexion test
Right: carpus

Question 22

what flexion tests are these

Answer 22

Left: elbow
Right: shoulder

Question 23

what is this flexion test testing

Answer 23

Hip, stifle, digits, sacroiliac joint

Question 24

what flexion tests are these

Answer 24

Left: extension of stifle/SI
Right: abduction of stifle/SI

Question 25

When blocking joints or peripheral nerves you start ___ and move ___

Answer 25

Distal, proximal

Question 26

What are the two common meds used to block joints/ nerves

Answer 26

Mepivicaine Bupuvicaine- longer acting

Question 27

what does this show

Answer 27

Suspensory ligament desmitis

Question 28

what does this show? Which is normal vs abnormal

Answer 28

Left: Normal Right: proximal sensory ligament desmitis

Question 29

what imaging technique is this and how does it work

Answer 29

Scintigraphy- inject radioactive isotope that has propensity for bone

Question 30

What block is this and where do you inject

Answer 30

Palmar/planter digital nerve block Block at level of collateral cartilages at digital sheath

Question 31

What structures are blocked with palmar digital nerve lock

Answer 31

Sole, digital cushion, navicular bone, navicular bursa, navicular suspensory apparatus, insertion of DDFT

Question 32

What do these pictures show

Answer 32

Let: navicular disease- lollipops- heel pain Right: DDFT injury

Question 33

What block is this

Answer 33

abaxial sesamoid block

Question 34

What structures does the abaxial sesamoid block and not block

Answer 34

Blocks: dorsal hoof wall, coronary band, coffin joint, sesamoidean ligaments Misses Pastern joint/ front of foot

Question 35

What common injury takes place in proximal interphalangeal joint/ pastern joint that does not get blocked by abaxial sesamoid

Answer 35

High and Low ring bone- osteoarthritis of pastern and coffin joints

Question 36

What is wrong here

Answer 36

High and low ringbone- osteoarthritis of pastern and coffin joints

Question 37

What is wrong here

Answer 37

Coffin bone cyst

Question 38

What is wrong here

Answer 38

High and low ringbone- OA of pastern and coffin joints

Question 39

What are C and D

Answer 39

C: straight sesamoidean ligament D: oblique sesamoidean ligament

Question 40

What block is this

Answer 40

Low 4 point block

Question 41

What structures does low 4 point block

Answer 41

Fetlock joint, sesamoid bones, insertion of suspensory ligament on sesamoid bones And other things blocked in abaxial and palmar/plantar blocks

Question 42

Where do you insert needle for low 4 point block

Answer 42

Distal button of splint bone

Question 43

what block is this

Answer 43

High 4 point block

Question 44

What structures are blocked in high 4 point block

Answer 44

Cannon bone, STF, DDFT, suspensory ligament

Question 45

In the hindlimb in addition to the high 4 point block what must you do and to block what

Answer 45

Ring block to block dorsal metatarsal nerves

Question 46

What is wrong

Answer 46

Suspensory ligament desmitis

Question 47

What wrong

Answer 47

cannon bone fracture

Question 48

what block is this and what are you blocking

Answer 48

Wheat block Blocking lateral palmar nerve, suspensory ligament, ulnar nerve

Question 49

what block is this

Answer 49

Tibial and peroneal block

Question 50

What does tibial and peroneal blocks block

Answer 50

Hock and distal

Question 51

Do not do ___with horse when doing tibial and peroneal blocks

Answer 51

Circle/turn

Question 52

what joint block is this

Answer 52

Coffin

Question 53

What joint block is this

Answer 53

Pastern/PIP

Question 54

what joint block is this

Answer 54

Fetlock- palmar/plantar pouch

Question 55

What joint block is this

Answer 55

carpus

Question 56

what block is this

Answer 56

Elbow- cranial

Question 57

what block is this

Answer 57

Elbow-caudal

Question 58

What block is this

Answer 58

shoulder

Question 59

what block is this

Answer 59

Tarsometatarsal

Question 60

what block is this

Answer 60

Tibiotarsal

Question 61

What block is this

Answer 61

medial femorotibial

Question 62

what block is this

Answer 62

Femoropatellar

Question 63

What block is this

Answer 63

Lateral femorotibial joint