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PVM IV > Lameness > Flashcards

Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

Why do flexion tests

A

Irritates the nerve ends in the FIBROUS JOINT CAPSULE and exaggerates lameness

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2
Q

What is the best gait to evaluate lameness

A

Slow trot

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3
Q

What is the best surface to evaluate a lameness

A

Asphalt

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What is a grade 1 lameness

A

Lameness is difficult to observe and is not consistently apparent

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6
Q

What is grade 2 lameness

A

Difficult to observe at walk or when trotting in straight lighten but consistent when weight-carrying, circles, incline, hard surface

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7
Q

What is a grade 3 lameness

A

Lameness is consistently observable at trot under all circumstances

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8
Q

What is a grade 4 lameness

A

Lameness is obvious at a walk

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9
Q

What is grade 5 lameness

A

Minimal weight bearing in motion and/or at rest or complete inability to move

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10
Q

what is this and what is it commonly attributed to

A

Club foot typically problem with upper forelimb- shoulder or elbow

Shoulder OCD

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11
Q

Head goes down on what leg

A

Sound
Up on lame limb

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12
Q

Which leg lameness increases in a circle

A

Inside leg

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13
Q

In a circle normally which limb lands harder

A

Outside

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14
Q

For hindlimb lameness what happens to lame hip

A

Goes higher and drops faster

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15
Q

With hindlimb lameness what happens on contralateral front limb

A

Will land harder

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16
Q

Ex: horse is RH lame what front limb is landing harder

A

Left

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17
Q

For multi limb lameness what should you observe in forelimbs

A

Straight and in circle
Bilateral stride is short and stiff

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18
Q

For hindlimb multi limb lameness what should you watch

A

Straight, going by, stride shortens, bilateral back pain

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19
Q

What imaging technique is very useful for multi limb lameness

A

Scintigraphy

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20
Q

How can you evaluate heel pain

A

Stand frog on hoof knife handle for 30 seconds and pick up other limb

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21
Q

What flexion tests are these

A

left: digital flexion test
Right: carpus

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22
Q

what flexion tests are these

A

Left: elbow
Right: shoulder

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23
Q

what is this flexion test testing

A

Hip, stifle, digits, sacroiliac joint

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24
Q

what flexion tests are these

A

Left: extension of stifle/SI
Right: abduction of stifle/SI

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25
Q

When blocking joints or peripheral nerves you start ___ and move ___

A

Distal, proximal

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26
Q

What are the two common meds used to block joints/ nerves

A

Mepivicaine
Bupuvicaine- longer acting

27
Q

what does this show

A

Suspensory ligament desmitis

28
Q

what does this show? Which is normal vs abnormal

A

Left: Normal
Right: proximal sensory ligament desmitis

29
Q

what imaging technique is this and how does it work

A

Scintigraphy- inject radioactive isotope that has propensity for bone

30
Q

What block is this and where do you inject

A

Palmar/planter digital nerve block

Block at level of collateral cartilages at digital sheath

31
Q

What structures are blocked with palmar digital nerve lock

A

Sole, digital cushion, navicular bone, navicular bursa, navicular suspensory apparatus, insertion of DDFT

32
Q

What do these pictures show

A

Let: navicular disease- lollipops- heel pain
Right: DDFT injury

33
Q

What block is this

A

abaxial sesamoid block

34
Q

What structures does the abaxial sesamoid block and not block

A

Blocks: dorsal hoof wall, coronary band, coffin joint, sesamoidean ligaments

Misses Pastern joint/ front of foot

35
Q

What common injury takes place in proximal interphalangeal joint/ pastern joint that does not get blocked by abaxial sesamoid

A

High and Low ring bone- osteoarthritis of pastern and coffin joints

36
Q

What is wrong here

A

High and low ringbone- osteoarthritis of pastern and coffin joints

37
Q

What is wrong here

A

Coffin bone cyst

38
Q

What is wrong here

A

High and low ringbone- OA of pastern and coffin joints

39
Q

What are C and D

A

C: straight sesamoidean ligament
D: oblique sesamoidean ligament

40
Q

What block is this

A

Low 4 point block

41
Q

What structures does low 4 point block

A

Fetlock joint, sesamoid bones, insertion of suspensory ligament on sesamoid bones

And other things blocked in abaxial and palmar/plantar blocks

42
Q

Where do you insert needle for low 4 point block

A

Distal button of splint bone

43
Q

what block is this

A

High 4 point block

44
Q

What structures are blocked in high 4 point block

A

Cannon bone, STF, DDFT, suspensory ligament

45
Q

In the hindlimb in addition to the high 4 point block what must you do and to block what

A

Ring block to block dorsal metatarsal nerves

46
Q

What is wrong

A

Suspensory ligament desmitis

47
Q

What wrong

A

cannon bone fracture

48
Q

what block is this and what are you blocking

A

Wheat block
Blocking lateral palmar nerve, suspensory ligament, ulnar nerve

49
Q

what block is this

A

Tibial and peroneal block

50
Q

What does tibial and peroneal blocks block

A

Hock and distal

51
Q

Do not do ___with horse when doing tibial and peroneal blocks

A

Circle/turn

52
Q

what joint block is this

A

Coffin

53
Q

What joint block is this

A

Pastern/PIP

54
Q

what joint block is this

A

Fetlock- palmar/plantar pouch

55
Q

What joint block is this

A

carpus

56
Q

what block is this

A

Elbow- cranial

57
Q

what block is this

A

Elbow-caudal

58
Q

What block is this

A

shoulder

59
Q

what block is this

A

Tarsometatarsal

60
Q

what block is this

A

Tibiotarsal

61
Q

What block is this

A

medial femorotibial

62
Q

what block is this

A

Femoropatellar

63
Q

What block is this

A

Lateral femorotibial joint

PVM IV (9 decks)

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