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PVM IV > Dsytocia Management > Flashcards

Dsytocia Management Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 stages of parturition

A
  1. Stage 1- dilation of cervix
  2. Stage 2- delivery of fetus
  3. Stage 3-Delivery of placenta
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2
Q

What is duration of stage 1 for ruminants

A

2-8hrs

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3
Q

What is duration of stage 2 in ruminants

A

2-4hrs

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4
Q

What is duration of stage 3 for ruminants

A

1-12hrs

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5
Q

What are the 3 possible presentations and what is normal

A
  1. Cranial- normal
  2. Caudal
  3. Transverse
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6
Q

What are the 3 possible positions and what is normal

A
  1. Dorsal-sacral- normal
  2. Dorso-pubic
  3. Dorsal-iliac
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7
Q

What are the 2 possible postures and which is normal

A
  1. Extended- normal
  2. Flexed
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8
Q

What are the maternal causes of dystocia

A
  1. Maternal-fetal disproportion
  2. Uterine inertia
  3. Incomplete cervical dilation
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9
Q

What are the fetal causes of dystocia

A
  1. Fetal oversize
  2. Fetal malposition
  3. Multiple fetuses
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10
Q

What is the common cause of maternal-fetal disproportion

A

Immaturity- dam too small

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11
Q

What is uterine inertia

A

Inability of uterus to contract normally

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12
Q

What is primary uterine inertia

A

Hormonal dysfunction, defect in myometrium

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13
Q

What is secondary uterine inertia

A

Exhaustion of uterine muscle

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14
Q

What form of uterine inertia is very common in swine with prolonged dystopia

A

Secondary uterine inertia

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15
Q

Determine there is a uterine torsion, and the cervix is open on palpation. Which direction do you rotate

A

Opposite direction in which fetus is rotated

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16
Q

If you determine there is a uterine torsion and the cervix is closed on palpation what do you do and which direction do you rotate

A
  1. Cast cow
  2. Rotate same direction of uterine torsion
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17
Q

Ex: cow has a right displaced uterine torsion- which side do you lay them down on and which direction do you turn

A

Right side, turn clockwise

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18
Q

If the uterine torsion is still present after multiple rolls- what do you do

A

C-section

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19
Q

What are some causes of incomplete cervical dilation

A
  1. Cervix hasn’t’ had enough time to dilate
  2. Cervix has not had enough stimulation to dilate
  3. Cervix is fully dilated but started too close
  4. True ring womb
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20
Q

How do you dx incomplete cervical dilation

A

Vaginal exam- only 2-3 fingers dilated

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21
Q

Pre pubic tendon rupture is more common in what species

A

Small ruminants and horses

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22
Q

What is tx for pre-pubic tendon rupture

A

Support abdomen with sling until fetus matures

23
Q

What is prognosis for pre-pubic tendon rupture

A

Grave- cull or do not bred again

24
Q

What is the most common cause of dystocia in small ruminants and horses

A

Fetal malposition

25
What is the most common malposition in cattle
Forelimb retained/flexed
26
What wrong
Breech
27
What is the goal of fetal manipulation
Cranial or caudal presentation with both limbs extended
28
If cranial presentation ensure that head is not ___ or ___
Flexed or retained
29
What drug can you give to aid in uterine relaxation, great for breech
Epinephrine- 10mg (or 10ml) IM
30
What is the first thing you do after deliver baby
Check for spares and tears
31
After delivery of baby you should ensure baby has a ____
Suckle
32
What medications can you give to dams after birth
Oxytocin, NSAIDS
33
What medications do you give to neonate after birth
Dip umbilicus
34
When do you go to C-section
1. 30 minutes of manipulation without progress 2. Transverse presentation
35
What is the appropriate C-section procedure for viable to freshly dead calf
Standing left flank laparotomy
36
What is appropriate C-section for viable or freshly dead kid/lamb
Recumbent left flank laparotomy
37
What is appropriate C section for emphysematous fetus
Ventral midline or ventral paramedical incision
38
Fetotomy is most useful for what cases (3)
1. Maternal-fetal mismatch 2. Fetal monsters 3. Malposition that can’t be fixed
39
What are the golden rules for fetotomy
1. Lube 2. Communication 3. Do not trap maternal tissue under OB wire 4. Do not cross wires 5. Seat the wire on the fetus
40
What are the 6 cuts for fetotomy
1. Amputation of head 2. Amputation of forelimb 3. Amputation of opposite forelimb 4. Transverse division of fetal trunk (cranial) 5. Transverse division of fetal trunk (caudal) 6. Longitudinal division of pelvis
41
What are some immediate sequela of dystocia
1. Uterine prolapse 2. Neuropathies 3. Electrolyte imbalances 4. Uterine artery rupture
42
What are some long term sequela od dystocia
1. Retained placenta 2/ metritis 3. Mastitis 4. Peritonitis 5. Ketosis 6. DA’s
43
what these
OB chains and handle, slip leads
44
What are the necessary tools for caudal epidural
Betadine scrub, alcohol, lidocaine, sterile gloves, clippers
45
What are these
Eye hooks, head snare
46
what these
Detorsion bar and rod
47
What these
Kuhn crutch Frick speculum Useful for retropulsion
48
What this
fetotomy knife
49
What this and what used
Krey hook, fetotomy
50
What this and what used for
wire guide, fetotomy
51
What this and what used for
Buhner needle, used for prolapse reduction
52
What this and what used for
Umbilical tape, prolapse reduction
53
What stitch can fix prolapse
Buhner stitch

PVM IV (9 decks)

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