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PVM IV > Dsytocia Management > Flashcards

Dsytocia Management Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 stages of parturition

A
  1. Stage 1- dilation of cervix
  2. Stage 2- delivery of fetus
  3. Stage 3-Delivery of placenta
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2
Q

What is duration of stage 1 for ruminants

A

2-8hrs

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3
Q

What is duration of stage 2 in ruminants

A

2-4hrs

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4
Q

What is duration of stage 3 for ruminants

A

1-12hrs

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5
Q

What are the 3 possible presentations and what is normal

A
  1. Cranial- normal
  2. Caudal
  3. Transverse
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6
Q

What are the 3 possible positions and what is normal

A
  1. Dorsal-sacral- normal
  2. Dorso-pubic
  3. Dorsal-iliac
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7
Q

What are the 2 possible postures and which is normal

A
  1. Extended- normal
  2. Flexed
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8
Q

What are the maternal causes of dystocia

A
  1. Maternal-fetal disproportion
  2. Uterine inertia
  3. Incomplete cervical dilation
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9
Q

What are the fetal causes of dystocia

A
  1. Fetal oversize
  2. Fetal malposition
  3. Multiple fetuses
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10
Q

What is the common cause of maternal-fetal disproportion

A

Immaturity- dam too small

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11
Q

What is uterine inertia

A

Inability of uterus to contract normally

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12
Q

What is primary uterine inertia

A

Hormonal dysfunction, defect in myometrium

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13
Q

What is secondary uterine inertia

A

Exhaustion of uterine muscle

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14
Q

What form of uterine inertia is very common in swine with prolonged dystopia

A

Secondary uterine inertia

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15
Q

Determine there is a uterine torsion, and the cervix is open on palpation. Which direction do you rotate

A

Opposite direction in which fetus is rotated

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16
Q

If you determine there is a uterine torsion and the cervix is closed on palpation what do you do and which direction do you rotate

A
  1. Cast cow
  2. Rotate same direction of uterine torsion
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17
Q

Ex: cow has a right displaced uterine torsion- which side do you lay them down on and which direction do you turn

A

Right side, turn clockwise

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18
Q

If the uterine torsion is still present after multiple rolls- what do you do

A

C-section

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19
Q

What are some causes of incomplete cervical dilation

A
  1. Cervix hasn’t’ had enough time to dilate
  2. Cervix has not had enough stimulation to dilate
  3. Cervix is fully dilated but started too close
  4. True ring womb
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20
Q

How do you dx incomplete cervical dilation

A

Vaginal exam- only 2-3 fingers dilated

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21
Q

Pre pubic tendon rupture is more common in what species

A

Small ruminants and horses

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22
Q

What is tx for pre-pubic tendon rupture

A

Support abdomen with sling until fetus matures

23
Q

What is prognosis for pre-pubic tendon rupture

A

Grave- cull or do not bred again

24
Q

What is the most common cause of dystocia in small ruminants and horses

A

Fetal malposition

25
Q

What is the most common malposition in cattle

A

Forelimb retained/flexed

26
Q

What wrong

A

Breech

27
Q

What is the goal of fetal manipulation

A

Cranial or caudal presentation with both limbs extended

28
Q

If cranial presentation ensure that head is not ___ or ___

A

Flexed or retained

29
Q

What drug can you give to aid in uterine relaxation, great for breech

A

Epinephrine- 10mg (or 10ml) IM

30
Q

What is the first thing you do after deliver baby

A

Check for spares and tears

31
Q

After delivery of baby you should ensure baby has a ____

A

Suckle

32
Q

What medications can you give to dams after birth

A

Oxytocin, NSAIDS

33
Q

What medications do you give to neonate after birth

A

Dip umbilicus

34
Q

When do you go to C-section

A
  1. 30 minutes of manipulation without progress
  2. Transverse presentation
35
Q

What is the appropriate C-section procedure for viable to freshly dead calf

A

Standing left flank laparotomy

36
Q

What is appropriate C-section for viable or freshly dead kid/lamb

A

Recumbent left flank laparotomy

37
Q

What is appropriate C section for emphysematous fetus

A

Ventral midline or ventral paramedical incision

38
Q

Fetotomy is most useful for what cases (3)

A
  1. Maternal-fetal mismatch
  2. Fetal monsters
  3. Malposition that can’t be fixed
39
Q

What are the golden rules for fetotomy

A
  1. Lube
  2. Communication
  3. Do not trap maternal tissue under OB wire
  4. Do not cross wires
  5. Seat the wire on the fetus
40
Q

What are the 6 cuts for fetotomy

A
  1. Amputation of head
  2. Amputation of forelimb
  3. Amputation of opposite forelimb
  4. Transverse division of fetal trunk (cranial)
  5. Transverse division of fetal trunk (caudal)
  6. Longitudinal division of pelvis
41
Q

What are some immediate sequela of dystocia

A
  1. Uterine prolapse
  2. Neuropathies
  3. Electrolyte imbalances
  4. Uterine artery rupture
42
Q

What are some long term sequela od dystocia

A
  1. Retained placenta
    2/ metritis
  2. Mastitis
  3. Peritonitis
  4. Ketosis
  5. DA’s
43
Q

what these

A

OB chains and handle, slip leads

44
Q

What are the necessary tools for caudal epidural

A

Betadine scrub, alcohol, lidocaine, sterile gloves, clippers

45
Q

What are these

A

Eye hooks, head snare

46
Q

what these

A

Detorsion bar and rod

47
Q

What these

A

Kuhn crutch
Frick speculum
Useful for retropulsion

48
Q

What this

A

fetotomy knife

49
Q

What this and what used

A

Krey hook, fetotomy

50
Q

What this and what used for

A

wire guide, fetotomy

51
Q

What this and what used for

A

Buhner needle, used for prolapse reduction

52
Q

What this and what used for

A

Umbilical tape, prolapse reduction

53
Q

What stitch can fix prolapse

A

Buhner stitch

PVM IV (9 decks)

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