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MY WSET L4 D4 - Sparkling > Lambrusco > Flashcards

Lambrusco Flashcards

1
Q

what is lambrusco?

A

the name of a mainly red made by tank method spumante or frizzante wines made from the family of Lambrusco varieties principally Emilia Romagna in Central Italy and situated close to the River Po

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2
Q

General SAT for Lambrusco

A

strawberry, red cherry, and red plum fruit
med to med + tannins
high acidity
usually residual sugar
pale pink to deep ruby
acceptable to good with small number of very good
inexpensive to mid priced

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3
Q

where is Lambrusco mainly grown?

A

inland in the former region of Emilia which has become the western part of the current region Emilia Romagna

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4
Q

How high are the hills in Emilia

A

low hills of around 150 m

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5
Q

What is the climate of Emilia

A

warm and continental with adequate rainfall (735 mm() for grape growing though with some threat of rain at harvest time

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6
Q

When is irrigation used in Emilia

A

to ensure an adequate water supply at critical points

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7
Q

What kind of soils do you find in Emilia

A

alluvial predominantly clay and silt

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8
Q

what is a positive about Emilia soils

A

good water retention

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9
Q

what is a negative of Emilia soils

A

prone to compaction

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10
Q

what is done to reduce compaction in Emilia?

A

vineyards are grassed between rows which also allows for machinery in wet periods

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11
Q

What leads to high yields in Emilia?

A

high fertility of the soil as well as varieties grown

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12
Q

what is the most common form of vine training in Emilia?

A

cordon trained (Sylvoz) and Geneva Double Curtain which are suitable for high vigor vines and allow for full mechanization

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13
Q

What makes preventative spraying against fungal disease a regular practice in Emilia?

A

humidity over the river plain

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14
Q

How has the amount of spraying for fungal disease been reduced over the more recent years in Emilia?

A

through sustainable viticulture - better canopy management, close monitoring of weather forecasts to anticipate problems and acting preventatively

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15
Q

What has posed an increased threat over the recent years in Emilia?

A

grapevine yellows

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16
Q

How are grapevine yellows tackled in EMilia?

A

rapid removal of affected plants and by controlling vectors

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17
Q

What are the 3 most important Lambrusco varietals

A

Lambrusco Salemino
Lambrusco Grasparossa
Lambrusco di Sorbara

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18
Q

What is the most widely planted variety of Lambrusco?

A

Lambrusco Salamino

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19
Q

describe a Lambrusco Salamino wine

A

fragrant, deep colored, full bodied
high acidity
mostly blended with other Lambrusco varieties

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20
Q

What are the requirements of Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce

A

min 85% Lambrusco Salamino grapes
max yield of 133 hl/ha

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21
Q

What soil does Lambrusco Grasparossa do best on?

A

clay and silt

22
Q

Where does Lambrusco Grasparossa grow best?

A

ON HILLSIDES

23
Q

Describe Lambrusco Grasparossa wine

A

deep colored
full bodied
med + tannins

24
Q

What is the DOC for the Lambrusco Grasparossa variety?

A

Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro

25
Q

What are the requirements of Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro

A

min 85% of this variety
max yield 126 hl/ha

26
Q

Describe Lambrusco di Sorbara wine

A

pale, lighter bodied
high acidity

27
Q

What are the requirements of Lambrusco di Sorbara

A

min 60% of this variety
max yield 126 hl/ha

28
Q

what two DOCs are named after the provinces of Reggio-Emilia and Modena instead of the varietal

A

Reggiano Lambrusco (Reggiano DOC)
Lambrusco di Modena DOC or Modena DOC

29
Q

Describe Reggiano DOC

A

made with Lambrusco varieties within a delimited area in province of Reggio-Emilia

max yields 126 hl/ha

30
Q

Describe Modena DOC

A

made from Lambrusco grown in province of Modena
very high yields permitted (161 hl/ha) leading to low levels of fruit concentration

31
Q

How are most Lambrusco wines macerated? why?

A

macerated on skins for 1-2 days - due to high levels of anthocyanins

also restricts tannin extraction

Lambrusco grasparossa which are more structured and full bodied are kept on skins for 3-4 days

32
Q

What temp is Lambrusco style wines kept at for first fermentation

A

18-20C to retain primary fruit aromas

33
Q

Is Malolactic conversion used with Lambrusco wines?

A

unusually for red wines, malolactic acid is blocked to preserve high acidity

34
Q

What method is used for Lambrusco style wines?

A

most frequently used is tank method

35
Q

what temps are 2nd fermentation done for Lambrusco wines

A

12-15C

36
Q

how long does 2nd fermentation take for spumante wines? frizzante?

A

spumante = one month
frizzante = 2 weeks

37
Q

After 2nd fermentation how long is maturation on the lees for Lambrusco wines?

A

there is none in order to preserve primary flavors

38
Q

How much dosage is used for Lambrusco wines?

A

0 = for drier styles (zero dosage to Brut)
sweet wines = either have fermentation stopped at desired sweetness level and/or are sweetened using RCGM

39
Q

What other methods are used with Lambrusco?

A

some traditional method and undisgorged bottle fermented (ancestral method)

40
Q

what can spumante or frizzante wines made from Lambrusco be labeled as

A

IGT Emilia

41
Q

for spumante wines, how much make up DOC production? IGT?

A

DOC = 25-30%
IGT = the rest

42
Q

What is the requirement for DOC wines of Lambrusco regarding abv

A

spumante = 11 % abv
frizzante = 10.5 abv
amabile or dolce styles = min 7%
they must have min potential alcohol of 10.5-11%

43
Q

How are spumante wines labeled in terms of sweetness levels in Lambrusco wines?

A

according to standard EU categories for sparkling wines.

44
Q

How are frizzante wines labeled in terms of sweetness levels in Lambrusco wines?

A

have fewer sweetness categories (secco/asciutto, abboccato, amabile) each category encompassing a wider range

45
Q

what is the average size of properties for Lambrusco vineyards?

A

very small - less than 3ha - but this has more than doubled since 2000

46
Q

what do most growers do with their fruit in Lambrusco

A

take it to be vinified in the co-operatives or larger private wineries

47
Q

How much Lambrusco is exported?

A

2/3

48
Q

How much Lambrusco is sold within Italy

A

1/3

49
Q

Where are sales of Lambrusco primarily within Italy?

A

supermarkets and in hospitality sector - small proportion sold through specialist wine shops (high quality)

50
Q

What tag does Lambrusco struggle to throw off

A

“inexpensive red, frothy, and sweet”

51
Q

name an example of Lambrusco that is very good quality made with concentrated and well defined fruit

A

Cleto Chiarli

52
Q

What does Cantine Riunite specialize in?

A

Prosecco and Lambrusco

MY WSET L4 D4 - Sparkling (22 decks)

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