Lactation Flashcards
What is the importance of breast feeding in terms of poverty?
That it is a natural safety net against the worst effects of poverty, exclusively breast feeding goes a long way to cancelling out the health difference between the poorer and wealthier of society, giving a child a fairer start in life.
How many babies at 12 months receive breast milk in 2016 (two stats)?
1 in 5 in high income countries and 1 in 3 in low to middle income countries.
Breast feeding decreases infant … and can prevent breast …?
Mortality, cancer
What is the economic benefit of breast feeding?
Not being breast fed enough can result in lower cognition which causes economic loses and it could reduce illnesses of infants like pneumonia and diarrhoea which costs heath care systems a lot.
Environmental impact of breast feeding?
Formula has a high carbon and waste footprint, breast feeding contributes to sustainability and food security.
What does high blood, lymph and nerve supply in breasts create sensitivity for?
The milk ejection reflex/ let down reflex.
Structure of breast and benefit of this?
20 lobes connected by connective tissue, which helps prevent infection
What does estrogen do to breasts in puberty?
Stimulates mamo genesis so they increase to adult size.
What does HPL, progesterone and other hormones do in pregnancy?
Complete breast development, so they lead on to producing milk for the infant.
What and where are lactocytes?
milk producing cells in the alveoli in the breasts
How in milk pushed downwards towards the nipple?
The alveoli in the breasts are surrounded by myoepithelial cells which contract when exposed to oxytosin.
What do Montgomery tubercles do?
Secrete sebaceous fluid to lubricate the nipples and has a scent which attracts infant.
What happens after birth and loss of placenta in terms of lactation?
progesterone levels fall milk producing hormone (prolactin) levels rise
What does skin to skin contact do in terms of lactation?
stimulates prolactin, switches on lactocytes to produce milk.
What is feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL)?
a protein in breastmilk which controls milk production and protects the breasts. The more full the breasts become the more FIL decreasing milk production and vice versa. So stopping breast feeding for a while can cause milk to dry up/ supply be not as good.
How does prolactin and oxytocin effect the mood of mother and infant?
produces calmness and helps mother fall in love with infant.
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Keeping infant close to mother generates what?
Oxytocin which in time mother will associate keeping infant close with good feelings, this is a psychological effect
What should happen soon after birth?
Skin to skin contact with mother and baby for good breast feeding
What is important during the first feeding of the baby?
That there is skin to skin contact between mother and baby no matter what type of feeding is being done.
Positive effects of skin to skin contact between mother and baby?
Triggers calming in baby and regulates its breathing and heartbeat. Helps baby to seek breast and attach and suckle. Also colonised babies skin with microbes from mother and father which is protective. Young babies need to be close to feel safe and produces oxytocin which is essential for their brain development.
When is it inconvenient but essential for a baby to feed? Why? Safety around this?
During the night, they have high nutritional needs but very small stomachs so its good to keep the baby near the bed but not in the bed.
Mothers quite often give up on breast feeding because it’s painful what can be done about this?
They need to change the positioning and attachment of baby and breast feeding this should also making breast feeding not painful. Need to be supportive and encouraging about this.
How should mothers thinking about breast feeding?
For providing food, comfort, nurture.
Can you over feed a breast fed infant?
no
Why is there different recommendations for energy for breast fed and formula fed babies?
Because formula feed is not as well absorbed.
