Adults Flashcards
What is the purpose of nutrition in adults?
- Maintenance and repair
- Avoid nutrient deficiencies (clinical and subclinical)
- ‘Optimise health’ (i.e. focus on disease risk reduction rather than simply meeting nutritional requirements)
- Minimise loss (older adults)
At what serum level of vitamin D is there a risk to musculoskeletal health? Why can’t a number be suggested for other risks to health?
The evidence overall suggests that the risk of poor
musculoskeletal health is increased at serum 25(OH)D
concentrations < 25 nmol/L.
Evidence for the proposed benefits of vitamin D on nonmusculoskeletal health outcomes is drawn mainly from
observational studies so findings might be due to reverse
causality (isssue is after the cause)
How many men are obese out of 10?
6
How many women are obese in 10?
5
What are some psychological issues associated with obesity?
Eating disorders, poor self-esteem, depression, poor body image, social isolation and stigmatisation.
What are some psychological issues associated with obesity?
Eating disorders, poor self-esteem, depression, poor body image, social isolation and stigmatisation.
Pulmonary issues associated with obessity?
Exercise intolerance (it’s an actual condition), obstructive sleep apnoea, asthma
Gastrointestinal issues associated with obesity?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (acid reflux/ GERD), gallstones, non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder.
What are some renal(kidney) issues associated with obessity?
Glomerulosclerosis (scarring in the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys called the glomeruli)
What are some musculoskeletal issues associated with obessity?
Ankle sprains, flat feet, forearm fracture, Tibia vara (also known as genu varus and bow-leggedness), slipped capital femoral epiphysis (hip disorder with the growth plate)
What are the neurological issues associated with obesity?
pseudotumor cerebri/ idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pressure in the brain)
Cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity?
hypertension, dyslipidemia is elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), or both, or a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, coagulopathy (impaired blood clotting), chronic inflamation, endothelial dysfunction.
Endocrine disorders associated with obesity?
insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose/ glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, precocious puberty (premature puberty), menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome.
What factors have convincing evidence that they decrease obesity?
High intake of NSP (non-starch polysaccharides which is dietary fibre) and regular physical activity.
What factors have convincing evidence that they cause obesity?
sedentary life style, high intake of energy dense and micronutrient poor foods.
What factors probably decrease obesity?
Home and school environments for children that support healthy eating. breastfeeding.