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Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-centromere Ab

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

anti-desmoglein (epithelial) ab

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

anti-glomerular BM ab

A

goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

anti-histone ab

A

drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

anti-IgG ab

A

rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

anti-mitochondrial ab (AMA)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

MPO-anca/p-anca

A

microscopic polyangiitis

churg-strauss

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8
Q

PR3-anca/c-anca

A

wegener granulomatosis with polyangiitis

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9
Q

anti-nuclear ab (ANA: smith, dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

anti-platelet ab

A

ITP

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial ab

A

celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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13
Q

“apple core” lesion on abdominal xray

A

left-sided colorectal cancer

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14
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

aeur rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type)

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15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Strep pyogenes (group A): bacitracin SENSITIVE

Strep agalactiae (group B): bacitracin RESISTANT

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16
Q

“bamboo spine” on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)

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17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning/sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

“boot shaped” heart on xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

RVH

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21
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (sympathetic ganglion-horner)

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23
Q

“brown tumor” of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (T. Cruzi)

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25
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

RPGN

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26
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometriosis (bilateral usually)

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27
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neutrophils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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28
Q

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene: fat-sol vit. def. and mucous plugs)

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29
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down’s

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30
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)

Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and LCST)

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31
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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32
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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33
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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34
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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35
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl eye” appearance of CMV

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36
Q

englarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“orphan annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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37
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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38
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (parkinson disease)

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39
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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40
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

A

negri bodies of rabies

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41
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (alzheimer)

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42
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

reed-sternberg cells (hodgkin lymphoma)

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43
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

44
Q

“hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on xray

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

45
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

46
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

47
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

48
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

49
Q

high levels of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

50
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli)

51
Q

“honeycomb lung” on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

52
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

53
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 def.: neuro symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)

54
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

55
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron def. anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hg sometimes present)

56
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum (3)

A

dating error,
anencephaly,
spina bifida (Neural tube defect)

57
Q

Increased uric acid levels (5)

A 
gout
lesch-nyhan
tumor lysis
loop diuretics
thiazide
58
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

59
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased change of mesothelioma)

60
Q

kertatin perals on a skin bopsy

A

SSCarcinoma

61
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi (congential failure of phagolysosome)

62
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema on xray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

63
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

goodpasture syndrome

64
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

65
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

PSGN (deposition of IgG and C3b)

66
Q

Lytic “hole punched” bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

67
Q

Mammary gland “blue domed” cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

68
Q

monoclonal Ab spike (4)

A
  • multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
  • MGUS
  • Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • Primary amyloidosis
69
Q

mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastric CA)

70
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

string sign (Crohn disease)

71
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis (2)

A

wegeners granulomatosis with polyangiitis (pr3-anca/c-anca)

goodpasture syndrome (anti-BM)

72
Q

needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout (monosodium urate)

73
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

74
Q

novobicin response

A

SENSITIVE: staph epidermidis

RESISTANT: staph saprophyticus

75
Q

“nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF

76
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing Sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

77
Q

Optochin response

A

SENSITIVE: strep pneumo

RESISTANT: strep viridans

78
Q

periosteum raised from bone, created trangular area (3)

A

codman triangle on xray

1) osteosarcoma
2) ewing sarcoma
3) pyogenic osteomyelitis

79
Q

podocyte fusion or “effacement” on EM

A

minimal change disease (child w/ nephrotic)

80
Q

polished “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

81
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimer)

pick bodies (pick disease)

82
Q

psammoma bodies (4)

A

meningiomas
papillary thyroid CA
mesothelioma
papillary serous CA of endometrium and ovary

83
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

84
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute glomerulonephritis

85
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig Cells

A

reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)

86
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

acute toxic/viral renal injury

87
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

88
Q

Rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

89
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS (2)

A

toxoplasma gondii

CNS lymphoma

90
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (8,14) c-myc activation, associated with EBC; “black sky” made up of malignant cells

91
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

92
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (benign)

93
Q

“spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

94
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

roulaeux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

95
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“clue cells” Gardnerella vaginalis

96
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

97
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

98
Q

“thumb sign on lateral xray

A

epiglottitis (h. flu)

99
Q

thyroidization of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

100
Q

“tram track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membrane on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

101
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

102
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

103
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

104
Q

WBCs that look smudged

105
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

106
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage etc)

Qoy (16 decks)

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