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Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to SSCarcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions (crohn disease)

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5
Q

aneurysm, dissecting

A

hypertension

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6
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

atherosclerosis

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, arch (2)

A

tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine def. causing “eyes, lies, capsize”

ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion/confabulation

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10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell anemia (HbS)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, and stomach cancer

A

H. Pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

strep pneumoniae (listeria)

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis (neonate) (3)

A

Group B strep (agalactiae), E.Coli, Listeria

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14
Q

bacterial meningitis (kids) (2)

A

S. pneumo, N. meningitidis

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15
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

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16
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb def.

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWBf)

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17
Q

brain tumor (adults) (3)

A

supratentorial: metastasis>astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma

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18
Q

brain tumor (kids) (2)

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change

carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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21
Q

breast tumor (benign)

A

fibroadenoma

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22
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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23
Q

cardiac manifestations of lupus

A

libman-sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve”

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24
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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25
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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26
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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27
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES esposure in utero

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28
Q

compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

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29
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase def.

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30
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

dubin-johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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32
Q

constrictive pericarditis (2)

A

TB (developing world);

SLE (developed world)

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33
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>LCA

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34
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficit/hypothyroidsim

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35
Q

cushing syndrome (4)

A
  • iatrogenic cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
  • adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
  • paraneoplastic cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
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36
Q

cyanosis (early; less common) (3)

A

Tetralogy of Falot
Transposition of great vessels,
truncus arteriosus (R to L shunts)

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37
Q

cyanosis (late; more common) (3)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA (L to R shunts)

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38
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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39
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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40
Q

dementia (2)

A

alzheimer disease

multiple infarcts

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41
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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42
Q

DIC

A

“stop making new thrombi” ?

severe sepsis
obstetric complications
cancer
burns
trauma
surgery
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43
Q

dietary deficit

A

iron

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44
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenker (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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45
Q

ejection click

A

aortic/pulmonic stenosis

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46
Q

esophageal cancer prevalence (2)

A

adenocarcinoma (US)

SSC (worldwide)

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47
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) (2)

A

Staph aureus

bacillus cereus

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48
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

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49
Q

gynecologic malignancy prevalance (2)

A 
endometrial carcinoma (US)
cervical carcinoma (worldwide)
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50
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

MVP

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51
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis (3)

A

mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever)

tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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52
Q

helminth infection (US) (2)

A

enterobius vermicularis

ascaris lumbricoides

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53
Q

hematoma-epidural

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

(branch of maxillary?)

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54
Q

hematoma-subdural

A

rupture of briding veins (crescent shaped)

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55
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes,” and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

56
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

57
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

vW disease

58
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

59
Q

HLA-B27

A

ankylosing spondylitis

reactive arthritis

ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel

psoriatic arthritis

60
Q

HLA-DR3/4 (3)

A

DM type II

Rheumatoid Arthritis

SLE

61
Q

Holosystolic murmer (3)

62
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

63
Q

Secondary Hypertension

A

renal disease

64
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

65
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (benign)

66
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

hepatitis C

67
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E. Coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

spans kec?

68
Q

kidney stones

A

1) calcium = radiopaque
2) struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (urease+ such as proteus or staphylococcus)
3) uric acid = radiolucent

69
Q

late cyanotic shunt

A

eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)

70
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

71
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

gaucher diease

72
Q

male cancer

A

prostatic carcinoma

73
Q

malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

hodgkin lymphoma

74
Q

malignancy (kids) (2)

A

ALL

medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

75
Q

metastases to bone (4)

A

prostate, breast>lung>thyroid

76
Q

metastasis to brain

A

lung>breast>GU>melanoma>GI

77
Q

metastasis to liver

A

colon»stomach, pancreas

78
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

disease occurs in both males and females

inherited through females only

seen in all children

79
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

80
Q

mixed (UMN and LMN) disease

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

81
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

82
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

83
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

84
Q

neuron migration failure

A

kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

85
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella
E Coli
Pseudomonal aeruginosa

86
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

87
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

88
Q

opportunistic infections in AIDS

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

89
Q

osteomyelitis

90
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella

91
Q

osteomyelitis with IV drug use (2)

A

pseudomonas

s. aureus

92
Q

ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

93
Q

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

serous cystadenoma

94
Q

ovarian tumor (malig)

A

serious cystadenocarcinoma

95
Q

pancreatitis (acute) (2)

A

gallstones, alcohol

96
Q

pancreatitis (chronic) (2)

A

alcohol (adults)

cystic fibrosis (kids)

97
Q

patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult>60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60

98
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (2)

A

chlamydia trachomatis

neisseria gonorrhoeae

99
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A

t(9,22) (bcr-abl), CML (may sometimes be assoc. with ALL/AML)

100
Q

pituitary tumor (2)

A

prolactinoma

somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma

101
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

turner syndrome (45,XO)

102
Q

primary bone tumor (adults)

A

multiple myeloma

103
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

104
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism (3)

A

ademonas

hyperplasia

carcinoma

105
Q

primary liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin def)

106
Q

pulmonary HTN

107
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

buerger disease (smoking)

108
Q

renal tumor

A

RCC: assoc w/ vHL and smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

109
Q

RHF due to pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

110
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

increased ventr. filling (left-to-right shunt, MR, LV failure)

normal in the young

111
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

112
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

113
Q

sexually transmitted disease

A

chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

114
Q

SIADH

A

SSC of lung

115
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

116
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid

117
Q

stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

118
Q

stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

zollinger-ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

119
Q

t(14,18)

A

follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)

120
Q

t(8,14)

A

burkitt lymphoma (c-myc) activation

121
Q

t(9,22)

A

philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

122
Q

temporal arteritis (2)

A

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opththalmic artery;

polymyalgia rheumatica

123
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma (malig, radiosensitive)

124
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

125
Q

tumor in women

A

leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

126
Q

tumor of infancy

A

hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

127
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

128
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

neuroblastoma (malignant)

129
Q

most common type of hodgkin

A

nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

130
Q

most common non-hodgkin

A

diffuse large cell

131
Q

UTI

A

Ecoli staph saprophyticus (young women)

132
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

133
Q

vitamin deficiency (US)

A

folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

134
Q

odds ratio formula vs Relative risk vs attributable risk (ARR)

A

odds: ad/bc

RR: risk of the shit/risk of the not shit

AR or ARR: risk of the shit minus risk of the not shit

135
Q

4 pharm equations

A

Vd = (IV dose) / [plasma]

CL = .7Vd / half life

LD = Css x Vd

MD = Css x CL

Qoy (16 decks)

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