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LabReferences Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium common reference range

A

Total: 8.5 - 10.5 mg / dL
Ionized: 4.5 - 5.1 mg / dL

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2
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) and electrolytes measured in mg / dL

A 
SCr: 0.6 - 1.3
Phosphates: 2.3 - 4.7
Ca ionized: 4.5 - 5.1
      Total: 8.5 - 10.5
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen):  7 - 20
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3
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) and electrolytes measured in mEq / L

A 
Magnesium: 1.3 - 2.1
Potassium: 3.5 - 5
Anion gap: 5 - 12
Bicarbonate arterial: 22 - 26
                      venous: 24 - 30
Chloride: 95 - 106
Sodium: 135 - 145
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4
Q

What does increase the Calcium blood level?

A

Calcium supplementation, vitamin D, and diuretics

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5
Q

What does decrease the calcium blood level?

A

Systemic steroids, LT heparin, loop diuretics, biphosphonates, cinacalcet, calcitonin, foscarnet, topiramate.

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6
Q

White blood cells (WBC)

A

4000 to 11000 cells / mm3

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7
Q

Neutrophils percentage of WBC

A

45 -73 %

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8
Q

Bands percentage of WBC

A

3 - 5 %

= immature neutrophils

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9
Q

Eosinophils percentage of WBC

A

0 - 5 %

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10
Q

Basophils percentage of WBC

A

0 - 1 %

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11
Q

Lymphocyte percentage of WBC

A

20 - 40 %

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12
Q

Monocytes percentage of WBC

A

2 - 8 %

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13
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Males: 4.5 - 5.5 x 10exp6 cells / mcL
Females: 4.1 - 4.9 x 10exp6 cells / mcL

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14
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)

A

Males: 13.5 - 18 g/dL
Females: 12 - 16 g/dL

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15
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Males: 38 - 50 %
Females: 36 - 46 %

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16
Q

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A

80 - 100 fL
Higher if folate or vitB12 deficiency
Lower if iron deficiency

17
Q

Folic acid

A

5 - 25 mcg/L

18
Q

Vitamin B12

A

> 200 pg/mL

19
Q

Combs Test, Direct (= Direct Antiglobulin Test - DAT)

A

Used to determine cause of anemia (autoimmune vs drug-induced) and in assessment of transfusion compatibility

Should be negative

20
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

A

5 - 14 units / gram

Used to determine if anemia is due to G6PD deficiency (the result will be low)

21
Q

Diabetes tests

A
  1. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)*
  2. Hemoglobin A1C (A1C)*
  3. Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)
  4. Preprandial blood glucose
  5. Postprandial blood glucose
  6. C-peptide (fasting)*
  7. Urinary Albumin Excretion (UAE)*
  8. Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio or Albumin to Creatinine ratio (UACR or ACR)
22
Q

Fasting plasma glucose values

A

> = 126 mg/dL: positive for diabetes
100-125 mg/dL: positive for pre-diabetes

Note: fasting is 8+ hrs

23
Q

Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) test values

A

<7% (ADA)

<= 6.5% (AACE)

24
Q

C-peptide (fasting) test values

A

0.78-1.89 ng/mL

C-peptide = insulin byproduct (breakdown product) used to evaluate beta-cell function => distinguish type 1 from type 2 diabetes

Note: !!! # C-reactive protein

25
Q

Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) test values

A

< 154 mg / dL (ADA)

Note: an eAG of 126 mg/dL corresponds to an A1C of 6%

26
Q

Test for anticoagulation

A
  1. Antifactor Xa activity (Anti-Xa)
  2. Prothrombin Time / International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR)
  3. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT or PTT)
  4. Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
  5. Platelets (PLTs)
  6. Heparin-induced platelet antibodies
27
Q

Liver and gGastroenterology tests

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Alkaline Phosphatase
  3. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
  4. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
  5. Gamma GT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase - GGT)
  6. Bilirubin
  7. Ammonia
28
Q

Pancreatitis tests

A
  1. Amylase

2. Lipase

29
Q

Cardiovascular tests

A
  1. Creatine Kinase or Creatine
  2. Phophokinase (CK or CPK)
  3. Troponin T (TnT)
  4. Troponin I (TnI)
  5. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
  6. N-Terminal-ProBNP (NT-proBNP)
30
Q

Lipids and Cardiovascular Risk

A
  1. Total Cholesterol
  2. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)*
  3. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)*
  4. Triglycerides (TG)*
  5. Lipoprotein-a, Lp(a), Apoprotein-B, Apo B
  6. C-reactive Protein (CRP)*
  7. Coronary Artery Calcium score
  8. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
31
Q

Thyroid Function Tests

A
  1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  2. Total Thyroxine (T4)
  3. Free Thyroxine (FT4)
32
Q

Gout Test

A

Uric acid

33
Q

Inflammation / Autoimmune Disease Tests

A
  1. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  2. Rheumatoid Factor, serum (RF)
  3. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
  4. Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
  5. Antihistone Antibodies

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