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Nerd Book > Labratory > Flashcards

Labratory Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Culture Sample Sizes:

  • Cats/Small Dogs
  • Med Dogs
  • Large Dogs
A

1) Cats/sm dogs - 5ml
2) Med dogs - 10ml
3) Large dogs - 20ml

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2
Q

How long is plasma good for once separated at room temp? In the fridge?

What 2 values can be affected if not separated?

A

Room temp - 8 hours
Fridge - 48 hours

increased ammonia
decreased BG

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3
Q

What two lab values can be affected by hemolysis?

A

Increased K+

Increased lactate

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4
Q

If using a blue top tube for platelet estimate, what factor do you multiply it by in order to account for dilution?

A

Multiply by 1.1

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5
Q

Four possible reasons for an elevated PCV?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Splenic contraction
  • HGE
  • Chronic hypoxia
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6
Q

Hemoglobin is approximately how much of a PCV?

A

Hemoglobin is approx 1/3 of PCV

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7
Q

MCV

A

Volume (size)

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8
Q

MCH

A

average HGB per cell - mass

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9
Q

MCHC

A

HGB concentration

how full of color it is!

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10
Q

RDW

A

red cell width (size)

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11
Q

Two main changes in stress leukogram (metabolic stress… not physical!)

A

Stress Leukogram:

  • Increased Neuts
  • Low Lymphs
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12
Q

Name that fluid type

  • TP < 2.5g/dl
  • Low cell count (<1k)
  • Colorless/clear
A

Transudate

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13
Q

Five potential causes of a transudate

A
  • Elevated hydrostatic pressure/dec. osmolality
  • Low albumin
  • Portal hypertension
  • PSS
  • Right sided heart failure
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14
Q

Name that fluid type!

  • TP > 3.0g/dl
  • High cell count (>7k)
  • Sepsis, sterile peritonitis
A

exudate

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15
Q

Name that fluid!

  • TP 2.5-7.5 g/dl
  • Cells 1k-7k
A

modified transudate

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16
Q

Three modified transudate examples/causes

A
  • Heart failure
  • Cancer
  • Inflammation
17
Q

Three common causes of pericardial effusion

A
  • Coagulopathy
  • Hemangiosarcoma
  • Chemodectoma
18
Q

Joint tap reveals

  • TP <2.5g/dl
  • <3k cells

Normal or abnormal?

A

normal! :)

19
Q

Joint tap reveals:
5-10k cells, mostly degenerative neuts
What do you think?

A

Septic joint!

20
Q

Joint tap reveals:
- 1k-10k normal neuts

Septic or not?

A

NOT septic. rule outs:

  • Lyme
  • immune mediated
  • lupus
21
Q

Best LNs for diagnostics? Best to avoid submandibular - why?

A

Best: prescap and popliteal
Submandibular: increased inflammation d/t mouth

22
Q

Lactate urine threshold

A

6-10mmol/L

23
Q

Lactate mostly from what four areas?

A
  • Skeletal
  • Skin
  • Brain
  • Erythrocytes
24
Q

Lactate Metabolized by what? (1st and 2nd)

A

1st Liver

2nd Kidneys

25
Q

Type A lactate production (two groups)

A

1) increased O2 demand (tremors, exercise, Sz, shivering)

2) decreased DO2 (dec. perfusion, anemia)

26
Q

Type B lactate production (three groups)

A

B1) dz process (sepsis, cancer, liver dz, pheo, beetus)
B2) drugs/toxins
B3) metabolic errors

27
Q

If lactate does not begin to correct in _________ hours, prognosis is poor

A

24-48 hours

28
Q

Rule of thumb for lactate - should decrease by _______ every ______ hours with fluid resuscitation

A

should decrease by HALF every 1 - 2 hours with fluid resuscitation

29
Q

How long can it take to see regeneration of RBCS on film?

A

three days

30
Q

Acanthocytes are suggestive of ______ dz

A

Liver

31
Q

Increased nRBCS but no polychromatophils is indicative of what? What are two causes?

A

Bone marrow damage

  • Lead poisoning (dogs usually)
  • Feline leukemia
32
Q

schistocytes are caused by mechanical hemolysis - two examples

A

turbulent vessels

  • DIC
  • hemangio
33
Q

retics >80,000 indicative of what?

A

regeneration

34
Q

retics > 200,000 consider what?

A

consider hemolysis

35
Q

lymphocytes have how long life?

A

long life - like a year

36
Q

lymphocytes T-cells come from where and activate what?

A

thymus - cytokines

37
Q

lymphocytes B-cells come from where and deal with what?

A

bone marrow - antibodies

Nerd Book (13 decks)

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