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Nerd Book > Fluids and Electrolyes > Flashcards

Fluids and Electrolyes Flashcards

1
Q

HypoVOLEMIA detected by baroreceptors located which two places?

A

Right atrium and pulmonary vessels

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2
Q

LRS bicarb precursor

What patients should we avoid use in?

A

Lactate - don’t use in liver patients

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3
Q

Normal osmolality?

A

300mmol/L

290-310

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4
Q

What is the most important osmole in relation to fluid shifts?

A

Sodium

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5
Q

free water defecit used when?

A

HHS

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6
Q

ADH is what chemical name? And how does it conserve water?

A

Vasopressin

Promotes reabsorption of water in tubules

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7
Q

Inside or outside the cells?

K+, Phos -
Mg+

A

Inside

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8
Q

Potassium main function

A

contracts heart and muscles

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9
Q

Calcium and _____ are opposites?

A

Phosphates

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10
Q

What is isothenuria USG? and what does it mean?

A

USG 1.008-1.015 - equal to plasma

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11
Q

What part of the brain stimulates thirst?

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

Anion gap calculation

A

(Na* + K*) - (Cl- + HCO3-) = AG

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13
Q

Cat maintenance fluids

A

80(kg) ^3/4

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14
Q

Colloid rates (daily)

A

20-40ml/kg/d

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15
Q

normal anion gap

A

12-24

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16
Q

RER

A

70(kg) ^3/4

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17
Q

<5% dehydrated

A

undetectable

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18
Q

Dog maintenance fluids

A

132(kg) ^3/4

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19
Q

Four Eyed Chloride follows around her pop star sister Sodium… what main three functions? Three B’s

A
  • BP
  • Blood volume
  • balance of pH
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20
Q

panting will put you into … (a/b)

A

alk alk alkalosis

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21
Q

Body water calculation

A

600ml/kg

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22
Q

base excess negative = acidosis or alk?

A

acidosis

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23
Q

aluminum hydroxide (ALOH) is used for what?

A

phosphate binding

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24
Q

Diabetus causes hyper or hypo K+?

A

HYPO (excessive losses PU/PD)

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25
Q

Dry eyeballs

A

8-10% dehydrated

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26
Q

anion gap is usually elevated with acidosis or alkalosis?

A

acidosis

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27
Q

Shock fluids - cat

A

40-60ml/kg

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28
Q

Decreased skin turgor, dry MM

What % dehydrated?

A

7%

29
Q

Tacky MMs = % dehydrated

A

5-6% dehydrated

30
Q

Resp. acidosis has what change in CO2?

A

increased CO2 (not breathing enough)

31
Q

Hypovolemic shock, death

A

> 12% dehydrated

32
Q

Magnum Magnesium is the sheriff in town - what’s his job?

A

Keeping things calm (heart, muscle, GI)

33
Q

base excess positive = acidosis or alk?

A

ALKalosis

34
Q

Osmolality calculation

A

2(Na+K) + (BUN/2.8) + (BG/18)

35
Q

Main EXTRAcellular ions? (four)

A

Na+, Cl-

Ca+, HCO3-

36
Q

low phophorus makes what more frag-il-e

A

rbcs

37
Q

Rehydration calculation

A

(8) x (deh) x (kg)

THEN ADD Maintenance

38
Q

HypoTENSION detected by baroreceptors located which two places?

A

carotid and aorta

39
Q

Diarrhea gets rid of your bicard, leaving you (a/b)

A

acidotic

40
Q

Metabolic acidosis causes hyper or hypo K+?

A

hyper (trying to balance acidosis)

41
Q

Inside or outside the cells?

Na+, Cl-
Ca+ , HCO3

A

Outside

42
Q

renal failure fails to get rid of acidic hydrogen, leavin you in (a/b)

A

acidosis

43
Q

Vomiting gets rid of ACID leaving you in an (a/b)

A

alkolotic state

44
Q

tremors, seizures, cardiac arrythmias… calcium high or low?

A

low

45
Q

metabolic ALKalosis - 2 common reasons

A

upper GI obstruction

diuretics (pee out the K and Cl)

46
Q

Persistent skin tent, hypovolemia

A

10-12% dehydrated

47
Q

Frat boy wanna be phos is the total opposite of who?

A

Cali Calcium

48
Q

decreased HC03 from diarrhea, vomiting, renal - causes what acid/base disturbance?

A

metabolic acidosis

49
Q

In the RAAS system what do the kidneys do in response to aldosterone being released by the adrenals?

A

reabsorb sodium and therefore water because water follows sodium

50
Q

Main INTRAcellular ions? - three

Who’s allowed into the club?

A

K+, Phos -

Mg+

51
Q

What starts the RAAS system cascade?

A

low kidney perfusion

52
Q

Colloid shock rates

A

5-20ml/kg

53
Q

decreased Cl-, K+ and Mg cause what acid/base disturbance?

A

metabolic ALKalosis

54
Q

decreased albumin can artificially lower what electrolyte?

A

calcium

55
Q

Insensible losses calculated by

A

1/3 maintenance

56
Q

low and slow breathing will put you into (a/b)

A

ahhhhhcidosis

57
Q

Adding phosphorus or magnesium to _____ can cause precipitate

A

calcium containing fluids like LRS

58
Q

Cyclosporine K+ change?

A

HYPER (changes in RAAS)

59
Q

repeated blood transfusions cause what electrolyte abnormality?

A

low calcium

60
Q

Duodenal perforation K+ change?

A

HYPER (decreased excretion!)

61
Q

LRS does NOT contain what electrolyte that most others do?

A

Magnesium

62
Q

LRS contains what electrolyte most others don’t?

A

Calcium

63
Q

What are calcium’s three jobs?

Oh no! Calcium was HBC!!!

A
  • heart
  • bones
  • clotting
64
Q

decreased RR, TV, pleural space disease and neuro disorders can cause what to happen to CO2? and what acid/base disturbance?

A

Resp. acidosis - low CO2

65
Q

Na + three main functions

A
  • BP
  • Blood volume
  • pH balance
66
Q

How much body water do dogs have?

A

avg 60%
younger more
older less

67
Q

Shock fluids - dog

A

60-90ml/kg

68
Q

don’t drop Na+ by more than what?

A

0.5meq/kg/hr

69
Q

Six perfusion parameters?

A
  1. MM
  2. CRT
  3. Pulse availability
  4. HR
  5. Mentation
  6. Extremity temperature

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