Fluids and Electrolyes Flashcards by Cherie' & Alex Dilts

HypoVOLEMIA detected by baroreceptors located which two places?

Right atrium and pulmonary vessels

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LRS bicarb precursor

What patients should we avoid use in?

Lactate - don’t use in liver patients

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Normal osmolality?

300mmol/L

290-310

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What is the most important osmole in relation to fluid shifts?

Sodium

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free water defecit used when?

HHS

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ADH is what chemical name? And how does it conserve water?

Vasopressin

Promotes reabsorption of water in tubules

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Inside or outside the cells?

K+, Phos -
Mg+

Inside

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Potassium main function

contracts heart and muscles

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Calcium and _____ are opposites?

Phosphates

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What is isothenuria USG? and what does it mean?

USG 1.008-1.015 - equal to plasma

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What part of the brain stimulates thirst?

hypothalamus

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Anion gap calculation

(Na* + K*) - (Cl- + HCO3-) = AG

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Cat maintenance fluids

80(kg) ^3/4

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Colloid rates (daily)

20-40ml/kg/d

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normal anion gap

12-24

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RER

70(kg) ^3/4

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<5% dehydrated

undetectable

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Dog maintenance fluids

132(kg) ^3/4

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Four Eyed Chloride follows around her pop star sister Sodium… what main three functions? Three B’s

BP
Blood volume
balance of pH

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panting will put you into … (a/b)

alk alk alkalosis

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Body water calculation

600ml/kg

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base excess negative = acidosis or alk?

acidosis

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aluminum hydroxide (ALOH) is used for what?

phosphate binding

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Diabetus causes hyper or hypo K+?

HYPO (excessive losses PU/PD)

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Dry eyeballs

8-10% dehydrated

anion gap is usually elevated with acidosis or alkalosis?

acidosis

Shock fluids - cat

40-60ml/kg

Decreased skin turgor, dry MM | What % dehydrated?

Tacky MMs = % dehydrated

5-6% dehydrated

Resp. acidosis has what change in CO2?

increased CO2 (not breathing enough)

Hypovolemic shock, death

>12% dehydrated

Magnum Magnesium is the sheriff in town - what's his job?

Keeping things calm (heart, muscle, GI)

base excess positive = acidosis or alk?

ALKalosis

Osmolality calculation

2(Na+K) + (BUN/2.8) + (BG/18)

Main EXTRAcellular ions? (four)

Na+, Cl- | Ca+, HCO3-

low phophorus makes what more frag-il-e

rbcs

Rehydration calculation

(8) x (deh) x (kg) THEN ADD Maintenance

HypoTENSION detected by baroreceptors located which two places?

carotid and aorta

Diarrhea gets rid of your bicard, leaving you (a/b)

acidotic

Metabolic acidosis causes hyper or hypo K+?

hyper (trying to balance acidosis)

Inside or outside the cells? Na+, Cl- Ca+ , HCO3

Outside

renal failure fails to get rid of acidic hydrogen, leavin you in (a/b)

acidosis

Vomiting gets rid of ACID leaving you in an (a/b)

alkolotic state

tremors, seizures, cardiac arrythmias... calcium high or low?

low

metabolic ALKalosis - 2 common reasons

upper GI obstruction | diuretics (pee out the K and Cl)

Persistent skin tent, hypovolemia

10-12% dehydrated

Frat boy wanna be phos is the total opposite of who?

Cali Calcium

decreased HC03 from diarrhea, vomiting, renal - causes what acid/base disturbance?

metabolic acidosis

In the RAAS system what do the kidneys do in response to aldosterone being released by the adrenals?

reabsorb sodium and therefore water because water follows sodium

Main INTRAcellular ions? - three | Who's allowed into the club?

K+, Phos - | Mg+

What starts the RAAS system cascade?

low kidney perfusion

Colloid shock rates

5-20ml/kg

decreased Cl-, K+ and Mg cause what acid/base disturbance?

metabolic ALKalosis

decreased albumin can artificially lower what electrolyte?

calcium

Insensible losses calculated by

1/3 maintenance

low and slow breathing will put you into (a/b)

ahhhhhcidosis

Adding phosphorus or magnesium to _____ can cause precipitate

calcium containing fluids like LRS

Cyclosporine K+ change?

HYPER (changes in RAAS)

repeated blood transfusions cause what electrolyte abnormality?

low calcium

Duodenal perforation K+ change?

HYPER (decreased excretion!)

LRS does NOT contain what electrolyte that most others do?

Magnesium

LRS contains what electrolyte most others don't?

Calcium

What are calcium's three jobs? | Oh no! Calcium was HBC!!!

- heart - bones - clotting

decreased RR, TV, pleural space disease and neuro disorders can cause what to happen to CO2? and what acid/base disturbance?

Resp. acidosis - low CO2

Na + three main functions

- BP - Blood volume - pH balance

How much body water do dogs have?

avg 60% younger more older less

Shock fluids - dog

60-90ml/kg

don't drop Na+ by more than what?

0.5meq/kg/hr

Six perfusion parameters?

1. MM 2. CRT 3. Pulse availability 4. HR 5. Mentation 6. Extremity temperature