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Nursing 103 - Exam #1 > labour support > Flashcards

labour support Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe what GTPAL stands for

A
  1. Gravida = how many children at home plus her pregnancy (ie. G3 would be 2 at home and pregnant)
  2. Term = how many brought to term (T2)
  3. Preterm = how many preterm T0
  4. Abortion = how many miscarriages whether planned or not (A0)
  5. Living = how many living at home (L2)
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2
Q

What is a first mom and second or more time mom called?

A
  1. first time mom = primip

2. more than one = multip

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3
Q

What are the cm measurements for a womans cervix when in the following phases of labour:
latent
active
transition?

A
  1. latent - 0 - 3-4cm
  2. active - 4-7cm
  3. transition 8-10cm
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4
Q

During the latent phase approximately how long does it take for the cervix to get to 5cm?

A

approximately 1cm per hour. First 3-4 cm can take 5 hours for a primip.

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5
Q

What is it called when the cervix is thinning?

A

effacement

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6
Q

Can a woman each food at this stage and if so how much?

A

She can have small amounts for energy later on.

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7
Q

How far apart are contractions in the latent phase? And how tolerable are they?

A

They are anywhere from 5- 20 mins apart and can usually be tolerated quite well at this phase

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8
Q

How far apart are contractions during active labour?

A

3-5 minutes apart

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9
Q

How tolerable are contractions during active labour?

A

mom usually goes quite and not talking during contractions in this phase

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10
Q

Describe some observable factors of the latent phase

A
  1. vaginal discharge with pink or red tinge

2. slight chance of membrane rupturing

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11
Q

What should you note when the membrane ruptures?

A

time and colour

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12
Q

Describe some observable factors of the active labour phase

A
  1. increased bloody show

2. possible rupture of membrane

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13
Q

At what point should you decide to go to hospital during the active phase?

A

when contractions are 3-5min apart for 1 hour or more and lasting 30-45 secs.

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14
Q

What are some thing a labour support person can offer the mom?

A
  1. remain calm and quietly talk her though contractions by helping her focus on her breathing
  2. massage her lower back
  3. offer ice chips
  4. have her hold your hand
  5. help her in the shower with a warm-hot shower head
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15
Q

How far does the cervix dilate during transition?

A

8-10cm

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16
Q

How far apart are contractions during this phase and how long do they last?

A

They are 1-2 mins apart and last approx 60-90 sec. They may have double peaks.

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17
Q

Where is the pressure of the baby’s head?

A

rectum

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18
Q

What are some physical symptoms a mom might feel during transition?

A 
shaking
nausea
sweating
vomiting
leg cramping
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19
Q

What sounds changes from the mom happen during transition?

A

moms become cranky and change from moaning to grunting

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20
Q

When does the 2nd stage of labour take place and what happens?

A

2nd stage happens when cervix is dilated to 10cm and mom is ready to deliver baby

21
Q

Why should you not push at 9cm?

A

cervix could swell and reverse back to 6cm

22
Q

How many pushes can a multip push a baby out through typically?

A

in about 5-6 contractions

23
Q

How long can a primip take to push?

A

can take up to 3-4 hours

24
Q

What types of things can a labour support person do in the pushing phase?

A

arrange pillows for support

help support mom’s legs, head during pushing

talk quietly and reassure her

25
Q

What happens during the 3rd stage of labour?

A

delivery of placenta - contractions less intense

26
Q

What is injected into the mom at third stage of labour and for what purpose?

A

oxytocin - helps uterus stay contracted

27
Q

Describe what the 4th stage of labour is.

A

1-4 hours after delivery of the placenta

28
Q

What is the high risk during the 4th stage of labour?

A

risk of hemerogging

29
Q

Name 4 factors that confirm if a woman is in labour

A
  1. regular contractions
  2. increase in strength
  3. frequency (ie. every 5 mins, 3 mins, etc.)
  4. dilated cervix
30
Q

What colour should the ruptured member be?

A

clear and have a continual leak

31
Q

What are some things that might help stretch the cervix and vagina during the 2nd stage of labour?

A

hot compresses and oil

32
Q

Describe some benefits of prenatal classes

A
  1. alleviates concerns or misconceptions
  2. educate re: health promotion (ie. lifestyle choices) and how to care for babies
  3. knowledge as to what to expect in labour and delivery
  4. coping stragegies
  5. decrease fear and tension
33
Q

What purpose do antepartum classes provide?

A

enhances parents decisions making skills in how to parent and the health of their baby

34
Q

Name 4 techniques to help with pain management that are not medication induced?

A
  1. cutaneous stimulation (ie. massage, hot or cold compress, unscented lotions and oils)
  2. distraction (pain gate theory = cells of brain stem are unable to register a pain impulse if cells are pre-occupied with other stimuli)
  3. reduction of anxiety - pain is perceived more quickly if anxiety is present
  4. relaxation - sleep between contractions
35
Q

What is the first line of pain meds usually offered a mom?

A

nitrous oxide (laughing gas)

helps with distraction and is in and out of the system and does not hurt the baby

36
Q

How long for pain meds to take effect when administered either I.M. or I.V.?

A

IM - takes about 20-30 mins

IV - effects are felt right away

37
Q

When should narcotics be given and when is it dangerous for the baby?

A

They should be given when delivery is expected to be more than 2-3 hours away.

38
Q

What is the risk if the baby is born within an hour of the narcotics being given?

A

baby could have respiratory issues and would need to be counter acted with narcan

39
Q

What are the names of some narcotics?

A
  1. demerol
  2. morphine
  3. fentynal
40
Q

What is another measure to take for pain management?

A

epidural

41
Q

How long for an epidural to take effect?

A

15-20 mins

42
Q

What is “term” referring to during pregnancy?

A

the length of the pregnancy (38-42 weeks)

43
Q

What is a trimester?

A

3 month period

44
Q

What constitutes a preterm baby?

A

Baby born before 37 weeks

45
Q

What does “lightening” refer to in pregnancy?

A

descent of presenting part of the fetus into the pelvis

46
Q

What is the purpose of the placenta?

A

fetus derives nourishment and oxygen from the placenta

47
Q

What is a primipara?

A

A woman who delivers an infant at 20 weeks gestation

48
Q

What does VBAC stand for?

A

vaginal birth after cesarean

Nursing 103 - Exam #1 (8 decks)

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