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Nursing 103 - Exam #1 > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

asepsis

A

absence of disease producing organisms that involves prevention of transfer of micro organisms

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2
Q

contagious

A

capable of being transmitted from one individual to another

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3
Q

contaminated

A

introduction of pathogens or infectious material into or on normally clean or sterile objects, spaces or surfaces

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4
Q

disinfectant

A

substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria

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5
Q

infection

A

disease caused by micro organisms especially those that release toxins or invade body tissues

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6
Q

infection control

A

procedures & policies for monitoring & attempting to control the transmission of communicable diseases

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7
Q

medical asepsis

A

procedures used to reduce the number of and prevent the spread of micro organisms (eg. handwashing)

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8
Q

micro organism

A

living organism too small to be perceived with the naked eye (eg. virus)

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9
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infection that results from the delivery of health services in a health care setting and were not present on admission

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10
Q

pathogen

A

a micro organism capable of producing disease

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11
Q

sterile

A

free from living micro organisms

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12
Q

susceptible

A

degree to which a person is prone to disease

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13
Q

virulent

A

very poisonous - strength; able to overcome the hosts defense mechanisms

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14
Q

body alignment

A

relationship of one body part to another body part along a horizontal or vertical line

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15
Q

body balance

A

achieved when a relatively low centre of gravity is balanced over a wide stable base of support and a line falls from the centre of gravity vertically through the base of support

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16
Q

body mechanics

A

the use of muscles to complete activities safely and effeciently without unnecessary strain on any muscle or joint

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17
Q

term

A

period of duration - pregnancy 38-42 weeks

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18
Q

trimester

A

3 month period

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19
Q

preterm

A

baby born prior to 37th week of pregnancy

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20
Q

EDD

A

expected due date

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21
Q

labour

A

repetitive and forceful uterine contractions sufficient to cause dilation of the cervix and ends with delivery of placenta

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22
Q

quickening

A

awareness of movement of fetus in the womb

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23
Q

lightening

A

descent of presenting part of fetus into the pelvis

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24
Q

stages of labour

A

prelabour, 1st stage, active, transition, 2nd stage, 3rd stage, 4th stage

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25
Q

placenta

A

oval spongy structure which a fetus derives nourishment and oxygen

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26
Q

show

A

discharge from vagina during 1st stage of labour

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27
Q

ruptured membranes

A

water breaking

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28
Q

dilation or dilatation

A

expansion of cervix during labour

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29
Q

effacement

A

thinning of the cervix

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30
Q

station

A

manner of standing (where baby is positioned, eg -3)

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31
Q

episiotomy

A

incision of perineum at end of 2nd stage of labour to avoid tearing and facilitate delivery

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32
Q

primipara

A

woman who delivers an infant at 500g or 20 weeks gestation

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33
Q

gravida

A

a pregnant woman

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34
Q

gravid

A

pregnant, heavy with child

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35
Q

GTPAL

A

gravida, term, preterm, abortion, living

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36
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone secreted that stimulates the uterus to contract

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37
Q

VBAC

A

vaginal birth after cesarian

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38
Q

alternating air mattress

A

used to reduce pressure on patient’s skin

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39
Q

bed cradle

A

metal frame that is attached to the mattress to hold the weight of the top covers off the feet and legs

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40
Q

call bell

A

buzzer that notifies nurses patient requires attention

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41
Q

footboard

A

covered board placed at foot of bed and situated so feet rest against it and are at right angles to the legs

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42
Q

mitred corner

A

folded corners of the bed (triangular shape)

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43
Q

side rail

A

rails that are on either side of the bed to help prevent patient from falling out of bed

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44
Q

auscultation

A

listening with a stethoscope to sounds produced by the body

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45
Q

inspection

A

examination of body parts or areas

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46
Q

palpation

A

use of the hands to touch body parts to make sensitive measurements of specific areas

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47
Q

percussion

A

striking the body’s surface with a finger to produce a vibration that travels through body tissues

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48
Q

afebrile

A

without fever

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49
Q

febrile

A

feverish

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50
Q

hyperthermia

A

unusually high fever

51
Q

hypothermia

A

core body temperature below 35 degrees

52
Q

hyperpyrexial

A

malignant hyperthermia - over 41.5 degrees - make go into seizure

53
Q

pulse

A

throbbing caused by the regular contraction and alternate expansion of an artery as the wave of blood passes through the vessel as a result of each heartbeat

54
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat - pulse rate below 60 bpm

55
Q

apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

56
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

57
Q

cheyne-stokes

A

breathing pattern marked by a period of apnea lasting 10-60 seconds, following by increased depth and frequency of respirations

58
Q

eupnea

A

unimpaired respiration

59
Q

hyperventilation

A

increased minute volume ventilation, which results in lowered CO2 levels

60
Q

hypoventilation

A

reduced rate and depth of breathing that causes increased CO2

61
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heart beat - greater than 100 bpm

62
Q

blood pressure

A

tension exerted on the walls of arteries by the strength of the contraction of the heart

63
Q

diastolic

A

period of cardiac muscle relaxation, alternating in the cardiac cycle with systole contraction

64
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure - higher than 140mm Hg systolic or 90mm Hg diastolic on three separate readings recorded several weeks apart

65
Q

hypotension

A

decrease in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure to below normal - systolic less than 90mm Hg

66
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

when a person with normal blood pressure develops symptoms of low blood pressure when rising to an up right position

67
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between diastolic and systolic pressure

68
Q

systolic

A

contraction of the chambers of the heart

69
Q

abduction

A

extremity moves away from midline of body

70
Q

adduction

A

extremity moves towards midline of body

71
Q

active ROM

A

patient able to move all joints through his or her ROM

72
Q

passive ROM

A

patient unable to move independently & nurse moves each joint through ROM

73
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of limb in a cone shaped manner

74
Q

dorsi flexion

A

toes & foot pointed upward

75
Q

plantar flexion

A

toes & foot pointed downward

76
Q

eversion

A

turning body part away from body

77
Q

inversion

A

turning body part toward midline

78
Q

external rotation

A

rotation of joint outward

79
Q

internal rotation

A

rotation of joint inward

80
Q

extension

A

increasing angle of two adjoining bones

81
Q

flexion

A

decreasing angle of two adjoining bones

82
Q

hyperextension

A

moving body part beyond its normal resting place

83
Q

isometric

A

tightening of a muscle group and holding for a few seconds

84
Q

isotonic

A

muscle contraction and changes in muscle length

85
Q

opposition

A

touch thumb to each finger of the same hand

86
Q

pronation

A

body part moved so its facing downward

87
Q

supination

A

movement of body part so its facing upward

88
Q

activity tolerance

A

determines ability of patient to assist with transfer

89
Q

smooth mover

A

type of sliding board

90
Q

weight bearing

A

ability to resist a load or force through bones, joints and associated structures

structural NOT functional - must assess for pain, bones OK to hold weight but must still assess function (eg. muscles, etc.)

91
Q

transfer belt

A

helps prevent caregiver back injury and aids in safe transfer of patient

92
Q

Fowler’s position

A

head of bed is elevated 45 - 60 degrees and patients knees are slightly elevated without pressure; patient is sitting up in bed

93
Q

hand rolls

A

rolls that maintain thumb in slight adduction and in opposition to the fingers - hand roll maintains hand, thumb and fingers in a functional position, preventing contractures

94
Q

lateral position

A

side lying with pillow in between legs

95
Q

prone

A

lying chest down

96
Q

semi-Fowlers position

A

head of bed is elevated to 30 degrees and patients knees are slightly elevated

97
Q

Sim’s position

A

semi prone - between chest down and side lying; one leg up

98
Q

supine

A

back lying position

99
Q

trochanter roll

A

prevents external rotation of the hips when patient in supine position - formed by folding a towel lengthwise to a width that will extend from the greater trochanter to lower border of the popliteal space

100
Q

wedge (abductor) pillow

A

triangular shaped pillow made of heavy foam used to maintain the legs in abduction after total hip replacement surgery

101
Q

dental caries

A

gradual decay of soft or bony tissue of a tooth

102
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums characterized by redness, swelling and a tendency to bleed

103
Q

halitosis

A

offensive odour of breath

104
Q

plaque

A

biofilm that accumulates and grows on crowns of teeth

105
Q

stomatitis

A

inflamation of the mouth including lips, tongue and mucous membrane

106
Q

anabolic

A

building up of body tissues

107
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

108
Q

catabolic

A

destructive phase of metabolism

109
Q

dyspepsia

A

upper abdominal discomfort, often chronic or persistant, indigestion

110
Q

dysphagia

A

inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing

111
Q

emaciation

A

state of being extremely thing

112
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

113
Q

malnutrition

A

any disease promoting condition due to either an inadequate or excessive exposure to nutrients (eg. undernutrition or overnutrition)

114
Q

metabolic

A

all the energy and material transformations that occur within living cells

115
Q

ceruminous glands

A

modified sweat gland in the skin lining the external auditory canal that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

116
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual places, especially in woman

117
Q

alopecia

A

loss of hair all over the body

118
Q

pustule

A

small elevated skin lesion filled with WBCs and sometimes bacteria or products of broken down cells

119
Q

decubitus ulcers

A

bed sores - pressure sores

120
Q

ischemia

A

temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue

121
Q

pruritis

A

tingling or faintly burning skin sensation prompting a person to rub or scratch - itch

122
Q

cyanosis

A

blue gray slate or dark purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes caused by reduced hemoglobin in the blood

123
Q

blanching

A

to lose colour especially in the face, usually suddenly and in the context of being frightened or sad

Nursing 103 - Exam #1 (8 decks)

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