Labour

Question 1

Term time scale

Answer 1

37-41 weeks

Question 2

Post term

Answer 2

> 42 weeks

Question 3

Pre-term

Answer 3

22-37 weeks

Question 4

Extremely preterm

Answer 4

22-28 weeks

Question 5

Very preterm

Answer 5

28-32 weeks

Question 6

Moderate to later preterm

Answer 6

32-36 weeks

Question 7

Miscarriage

Answer 7

Less than 22 weeks

Question 8

Early miscarriage

Answer 8

first trimester

Question 9

Late miscarriage

Answer 9

second trimester less than 22 weeks

Question 10

How long can labour last

Answer 10

up to 48 hours

Question 11

Define labour

Answer 11

process of expulsion of the fetus and placenta

Question 12

How many stages are there to labour

Answer 12

3

Question 13

What happens in first stage of labour

Answer 13

beginning with the onset of uterine contractions through the period of dilation of the os uteri

Question 14

What happens in second stage of labour

Answer 14

the period of expulsive effort, beginning with complete dilation of the cervix and ending with expulsion of the infant

Question 15

What happens in third stage of labour

Answer 15

the period beginning at the expulsion of the infant and ending with the completed expulsion of the placenta and membranes

Question 16

Main events of labour

Answer 16

Cervical ripening and effacement
Coordinated myometrial contractions preceded by braxton hicks contractions
Rupture of fetal membrane
Delivery of placenta
Delivery of infant
Contraction of uterus to limit maternal blood loss

Question 17

Longest lasting stage of labour

Answer 17

First stage up to 8 hours

Question 18

During what stage is fetal membrane ruptured

Answer 18

First

Question 19

Changes in length of first stage depending on number of previous deliveries

Answer 19

First stage always longest in first pregnancy- gets shorter with more babies

Question 20

Changes in length of first stage depending on number of previous deliveries

Answer 20

Normally around 30 mins and is longer in first delivery and gets hsorter with experience

Question 21

During what stage is delivery of infant

Answer 21

second

Question 22

During what stage is delivery of placenta

Answer 22

Third

Question 23

How long does third stage last

Answer 23

placenta should be delivered within 30 mins of infant delivery

Question 24

What is delivery of placenta associated with

Answer 24

Very powerful contractions

Question 25

Name given to rapid drop in size of uterus after delivery of placenta

Answer 25

Involution

Question 26

What is most important part of reduction in size of uterus

Answer 26

Stopping blood flow through spiral arteries

Question 27

What is prrocess of contraction of uterus in thrid stage linked to

Answer 27

Oxytocin levels - muscle contracting agent

Question 28

What is given to people whos oxytocin levels dont spontaneously increase

Answer 28

Injection of oxytocin or other muscle contractant

Question 29

What happens in cervical ripening

Answer 29

Becomes softer and flexible

Question 30

What happens in dilation of cervical

Answer 30

Becomes thinner and stretches sideways

Question 31

How is cervix dilated and ripened

Answer 31

Extensive changes in ECM of cervix

Question 32

What accelerates process of dilation and ripening of cervix

Answer 32

Increased pressure of fetal head on cervix from contractions that are becoming stronger and more frequent

Question 33

Factors involved in changes of cervix

Answer 33

Prostaglandin E2
IL-8
Matrix metalloproteinases

Question 34

Factors involved in myometrium changes

Answer 34

Prostaglanin E2 levels increased from fetal membrane
Oxytocin receptors increased
Contraction associated proteins

Question 35

Factors involved in inflammatory changes of fetal membrane

Answer 35

Prostaglandins
Interleukins
Matrix Metalloproteinases

Question 36

Main factor involved in risk to mother during pregnancy

Answer 36

Poor socio-economic background leading to poor diet

Question 37

Main risk to fetus during labour

Answer 37

If it is early