Childhood growth Flashcards
Average size of newborn
50cm
3.3kg
Fctors commonly affecting growth
Nutrition
Hormone issues
Genetic disease
Name of hand-held record with growth charts every child has
Red book
When does height growth tend to finish
12-16 years
What measurements are there centiles for
Height
Weight
Head circumfrence
BMI
What is height velocity
cm grown per year
When is fastest phase of growth post delivery
First 2 years of life- childrens centiles often vary a lot here then become steady
When is another major increase in growth
Pubertal growth spurt- occurs as soon as enter puberty
For how long does skeleton develop
Until the end of puberty- epiphyses have fused by now and growth will stop
What should happen if concerns over childs growth
Measure and record growth accurately for at least a year
Main hormonal growth factor
GH
What stimulates GH production from pituitary
GHRH from hypothalamus
What affects GHRH production
Negative feedback from IGF 1 Psycosocial factors Age Health Puberty
When does most GH release occur
Overnight
Where does GH bind
Liver to release IGF1
Muscle
Bone
Is IGF 1 protein bound in blood
Yes heavily
Genetic disorders causing short stature
Turners
Downs
Achondroplasia
What effect does thyroid hormone deficiency have on growth
Short stature
Genetic disorders leading to overgrowth
Marfans Syndrome
Soto syndrome
Cause of very tall child but small adult
Precocious puberty
How is obesity assessed in children
Monitoring their BMI centile
Clinical history taken when discussing child development
Any issues whilst fetus
Premature birth?
Postnatal issues
Consanguinity
How to examine child development issues
Growth parameters Dysmorphic features Neurological examination Systems examination Standardised development assessments
Examples of standardised developmental assessments
Griffiths
SOGSII
What is cerebral palsy
Disorder of movement and posture arising from non-progressive lesion of the brain acquired before age of 2 years- 80% of cases antenatal
Problems associated with cerebral palsy
Learning difficulties Epilepsy Visual impairment Hearing loss Resp problems Feeding issues
Mangement of cerebral palsy
Minimise spasticity
Manage associated problems
Features of autism spectrum disorder
Impaired social interactions
Speech and language disorder
Imposition of routine- desire for repeated behaviour
Common child development issues
ADHD
Cerebral palsy
Autism spectrum disorder
Learning disability
Define normal child development
The global impression of a child which encompasses growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour. It serves to endow the child with increasingly complex skills in order to function in society.
4 domains of normal child development
Gross motor and posture
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social and emotional behavior
