Labour

Question 1

Prior to labour

Answer 1

• Several hormonal changes occur
• These changes cause the ligaments of the pelvis to soften, making them more pliable for childbirth.
• Also strengthens contractions of muscles in the uterus.

Question 2

First stage of labour

Answer 2

• Cervix dilates from 0-10cm
• Waves of contractions become more frequent and strong,

Question 3

2nd Stage of labour

Answer 3

• Begins with fully dilated cervix
• Mother actively pushes with strong regular contractions to help the baby descend through the birth canal
• Concludes when baby is fully delivered

Question 4

3rd stage of labour

Answer 4

• Placenta detached from uterine wall
• Delivery of the placenta
• Uterine contraction and bleeding control

Question 5

Ductus venosus

Answer 5

• Before birth the ductus venosus directs some blood away from the liver to ensure more blood reaches the heart and brain.
• It gradually constricts and closes

Question 6

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 6

• In the foetus, the ductus arteriosus diverts most blood away from the lungs, which are not yet functional.
• The ductus arteriosus, a vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta, constricts and eventually closes.

Question 7

Foramen Ovale

Answer 7

• Before birth, the foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the non-functioning foetal lungs, directly moving from the right atrium to the left atrium
• On opening between the right and left atria of the heart, closes.