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Lab Management > Laboratory management in the pre-analytical stage > Flashcards

Laboratory management in the pre-analytical stage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physiological Factors in the pre-collection period?

A

Diurnal Variation
Exercise
Diet
Stress
Posture
Age
Gender

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2
Q

These are the variation in test results when the patient was subjected for specimen collection at a certain time of the day

A

Diurnal Variation

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3
Q

In transient exercise what are the affected analytes and its effect on the laboratory result?

A

Alanine and Lactate
Increase

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4
Q

In long exercise what are affected analytes and its effect on the laboratory result?

A

Creatine kinase, Aldolase, Alanine aspartate, Lactate dehydrogenase

Increase

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5
Q

In a person who are a long distance athlete, what are the affected analytes and its effect on the laboratory result?

A

Gonadotropin and Sex steroids
Decrease

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6
Q

What are the affected analytes in general exercise? and effects on lab testing?

A

Creatine kinase
Alanine aspartate
Lactate dehydrogenase
Coagulation activation
Fibrinolysis

Increase

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7
Q

Chronic aerobic exercise effect on the laboratory result is ______ and what are the analytes affected?

A

Decrease of plasma concentration

Creatine kinase
Alanine aspartate
Alanine transferase
Lactate dehydrogenase

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8
Q

Analytes affected in 48 hour fasting

A

Serum bilirubin (Increase)

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9
Q

Analytes affected in 72 hour fasting in healthy women

A

Plasma glucose (Decrease)

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10
Q

Analytes affected in 72 hour fasting in healthy men

A

Triglycerides, Glycerol and Free fatty acids (INCREASE)

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11
Q

What is effect of eating meat on the laboratory result?

A

Increase Potassium, Triglycerides, Alkaline phosphatase and 5 HIAA

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12
Q

Intake of meat, fish, iron supplements, horseradish effect on the laboratory result?

A

False positive in occult blood test due to presence of peroxidase

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13
Q

What is the effect of general physiologic on the laboratory test?

A

Increase chylomicrons

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14
Q

It is a condition caused by stress, can general affect the acid-base balance of the body?

A

Hyperventilation

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15
Q

What are the types of stress and its affected analytes and effect on the laboratory result?

A

= General Stress It increases ACTH, Cortisol, and Catecholamines
= Mild Stress increases total cholesterol
= Mild Stress decreases HDL cholesterol
= Hyperventilation increases leukocyte count, serum lactate and free fatty acids

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16
Q

Upright position increases hydrostatic pressure that cause

A
  1. Decrease of plasma volume
  2. Increase of protein concentrations
17
Q

Incorrect application of the tourniquet and fist exercise can
affect:

A
  1. Lactate concentration (false increase)
  2. serum enzymes
    (Prolong tourniquet Application)
  3. Proteins
  4. Protein-bound substances
    a. Cholesterol
    b. Calcium
    c. Triglycerides
18
Q

What are the 4 age group?

A

a. Newborn
b. Childhood to puberty
c. Adult
d. Elderly

19
Q

(True or False)
Age of the patient has an effect on the plasma constituents

A

False (serum)

20
Q

What are the analytes that are higher concentration in men than women after puberty?

A
  1. Alkaline phosphatase
  2. Aminotransferase
  3. Creatine kinase
  4. Aldolase
21
Q

What are the lowers levels of analytes in women have than men?

A
  1. Magnesium
  2. Calcium
  3. Albumin
  4. Hemoglobin
  5. Serum iron – this can be attributed to the menstrual blood
    loss
  6. Ferritin
22
Q

It increase levels of carboxyhemoglobin, plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol.

A

Tobacco smoking

23
Q

Errors in specimen collection that must be considered by a MT during pre-analytical stage:

A

i. Misidentification of patient
ii. Mislabeling of specimen
iii. Short draws/wrong anticoagulant/blood ratio
iv. Mixing problems/clots
v. Wrong tubes/wrong anticoagulant
vi. Hemolysis/lipemia
vii. Hemoconcentration from prolonged tourniquet time
viii. Exposure to light/extreme temperatures
ix. Improperly timed specimens/delayed delivery to laboratory
x. Processing errors: incomplete centrifugation, incorrect log-in and improper storage.

24
Q

Test order that are most error free?

A

Electronically

25
Q

It is a lab test that is requested that is prone to clerical errors?

A

Writting

26
Q

It is a laboratory test order that is only done during emergency cases?

A

Verbal Request

27
Q

What is the most commonly observed collection-associated variable?

A

Presence of Hemolysis in sample

28
Q

Hemolysis is expected to occur in the?

A

i. Transfixing of the vein
ii. Too small needle
iii. Expelling the blood vigorously into the tube
iv. Shaking or mixing the tubes vigorously
v. Performing blood collection before the alcohol has dried at the
collection site

29
Q

Reasons for specimen rejection?

A

a. Hemolysis/lipemia
b. Clots present in an anticoagulated specimen
c. Non-fasting specimen when test requires fasting
d. Improper blood collection tube
e. Short draws, wrong volume
f. Improper transport conditions (ice for blood gases)
g. Discrepancies between requisition and specimen label
h. Unlabeled or mislabeled specimen
i. Contaminated specimen/leaking container

30
Q

Conditions that must be considered prior to transporting of specimens

A

a. Stability of the constituents
b. Label of the specimen
c. Container of the specimen used for transport
d. Potential infectious materials in the specimen
e. Temperature
f. Transport time

31
Q

What are the phases in specimen processing?

A

Pre-centrifugation phase
Centrifugation phase
Post-centrifugation phase

32
Q

Serum or plasma must be stored at _______ if analysis is to be delayed more than 4 hours

A

4–6°C

33
Q

Formula for the relative centrifugation force?

A

RCF = 1.118 × 10−5 × r × rpm^2

34
Q

Use for quality control for centrifuge?

A

Tachometer or strobe light

35
Q

Centrifuge should be cleaned _____ and calibrate ____

A

Every week
Every quarterly

Lab Management (5 decks)

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