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Laboratory Findings Flashcards

1
Q

antinuclear antibodies

A

SLE

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2
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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3
Q

anti topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic sclerderma

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4
Q

anti transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

celiac disease

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5
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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6
Q

azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML)

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7
Q

bacitracin response

A

GAS

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8
Q

bamboo spine on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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9
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC

A

Howell-Jolly bodies due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen

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10
Q

basophilic stippling of RBC

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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11
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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12
Q

boot-shaped heart on x-ray

A

tetralogy of fallot

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13
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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14
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor

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15
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica

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16
Q

cardiomegaly with atypical atrophy

A

chagas disease

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17
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic gomerulonephritis

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18
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis

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19
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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20
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis

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21
Q

decrease in AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome

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22
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration

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23
Q

delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

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24
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease

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25
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma)

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26
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

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27
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV-predisposes to cervical cancer)

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28
Q

electrical alternans

A

pericardial tamponade

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29
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

owl eye appearance of CMV

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30
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

A

Orphan Annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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31
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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32
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (parkinson disease)

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33
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (viral heptatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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34
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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35
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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36
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

A

Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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37
Q

glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

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38
Q

hair on end crew cut appearance on x-ray

A

beta thalassemia, sickle cell disease

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39
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo and multiple pregnancy)

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40
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

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41
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis

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42
Q

hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretion

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

43
Q

high levels of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

44
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes

A

Ghon complex

45
Q

honeycomb lung on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

46
Q

hypercoagulability leading to DVTs and vasculitis

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

47
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megablastic anemia (B12 deficiency has neuro, folate no neuro symptoms)

48
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)

49
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia

50
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)

51
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, Lesh-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

52
Q

intranucelar eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies

53
Q

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

54
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

55
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease

56
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

57
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

58
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

59
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

poststrep glomerulonephriits

60
Q

lytic punched out bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

61
Q

mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

62
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A

multiple myeloma
MUGS
waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
primary amyloidosis

63
Q

mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring-gastric carcinoma

64
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

string sign-Crohn disease

65
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis and goodpasture syndrome

66
Q

needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

67
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

68
Q

novobiocin response

A

staph epidermidis sensitive

69
Q

nutmeg appearance of liver

A

chronic passive ongestion of liver due to RHF or Budd-Chiari syndrome

70
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

71
Q

optochin response

A

strep pneumo sensitive

72
Q

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

73
Q

podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

74
Q

polished, ivory like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

75
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

76
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

77
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

gliobalstoma multiforme

78
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

79
Q

rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

80
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

81
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

intrinsic renal failure

82
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout

83
Q

Rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

84
Q

ring enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

85
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages

A

Burkitt lymphoma

86
Q

silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies

87
Q

soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone

88
Q

spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits

A

membranous nephropathy

89
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma)

90
Q

steeple sign on chest xray

A

croup (parainfluenza)

91
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

92
Q

strep bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

93
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles in langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules in langerhans cell histiocytosis

94
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

95
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

96
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

epiglottitis (h. flu)

97
Q

thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis

98
Q

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

99
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

100
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end-stage renal disease

101
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

102
Q

WBC look smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

103
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

104
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia due to subarachnoid hemorrhage

Step-Clinical Presentations (5 decks)

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