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Associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precursor to SCC

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increase intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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5
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

marfan syndrome

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8
Q

aortic dissection

A

hypertension

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9
Q

atrophy of mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)

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10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell disease

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11
Q

bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

bacterial meningitis

A

adults-strep pneumo
newborns-GBS, E. coli
kids-strep pneumo, neisseria meningitidis

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13
Q

bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells

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14
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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15
Q

brain tumor (adults)

A

supratentorial-mets, astrocytoma, meningioma, schwannoma

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16
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

infratentorial-medulloblastoma or carnipharyngioma if supratentorial

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17
Q

breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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18
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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19
Q

breast tumor-benign

A

fibroadenoma

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20
Q

cardiac primary tumor kids

A

rhabdomyoma (often seen in tuberous sclerosis)

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21
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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22
Q

cardiac tumors adults

A

mets, myxoma (90% left atrium, ball and valve)

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23
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari II malformation

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24
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation-associated with risk of emboli

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25
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (also cause pernicious anemia)

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26
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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27
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21 hydroxylase def

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28
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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29
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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30
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing); idiopathic, viral (developed world)

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31
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>circumflex

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32
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

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33
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
adenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (ACTH secretion by tumors)

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34
Q

cyanosis-early

A

tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

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35
Q

cyanosis-late

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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36
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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37
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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38
Q

dementia

A

alzheimer, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

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39
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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40
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obsteric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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41
Q

dietary deficit

A

iron

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42
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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43
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

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44
Q

esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)

adenocarcinoma (US)

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45
Q

food poisoning-exotoxin mediated

A

staph aureus

B cereus

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46
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

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47
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A

endometrial carcinoma (US) cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

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48
Q

heart murmur-congenital

A

mitral valve prolapse

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49
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever, tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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50
Q

helminth infection in US

A

enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides

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51
Q

epidural hematoma

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery

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52
Q

subdural hematoma

A

rupture of bridging veins

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53
Q

hemochromatossi

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, bronze diabetes and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

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54
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (associated with hep B/C and alcoholism)

55
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

56
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

57
Q

HLA B27

A

ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

58
Q

HLA DR3

A

DM type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis

59
Q

HLA DR4

A

DM type 1, RA

60
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

61
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (increase risk of thrombosis)

62
Q

hypertension, secondary

A

renal disease

63
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

64
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

65
Q

infection secondary to blood stranfusion

66
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus
E. coli
Aspergillus (catalase +)

67
Q

intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome

fragile X syndrome

68
Q

kidney stones

A

calcium=radiopaque
stuvite=radiopaque (by urease positive organisms)
uric acid=radiolucent

69
Q

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)

A

eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA, results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)

70
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

71
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

72
Q

male cancer

A

prostatic carcinoma

73
Q

malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

74
Q

malignancy in kids

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

75
Q

mets to bone

A

prostate, breast>lung>thyroid

76
Q

mets to brain

A

lung>breast>GU>melanoma>GI

77
Q

mets to liver

A

colon»stomach, pancreas

78
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

disease occurs in both males and females

inherited through females only

79
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

80
Q

mixed UMN and LMN motor neuron disease

81
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

82
Q

nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

83
Q

nephrotic snydrome in kids

A

minimal change disease

84
Q

neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic, hypognoadism, and anosmia)

85
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

S. aureus, pseudonomas, other enteric gram-negative rods

86
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

87
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

88
Q

opportunistic infections in AIDS

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

89
Q

osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

90
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella

91
Q

osteomyelitis in IV drug use

A

pseudomonas, candida, staph aureus

92
Q

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

serous cystadenoma

93
Q

ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

94
Q

pancreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones, alcohol

95
Q

pancreatitis (chronic)

A

alcohol in adults

CF in kids

96
Q

patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL-child
CLL-adult (60s)
AML-adult (60s)
CML-adult (40-80s)

97
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

c. trachomatis

n. gonorrhoeae

98
Q

philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) BCR-ABL

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

99
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

100
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45 X,O)

101
Q

primary bone tumor in adults

A

multiple myeloma

102
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

103
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomas, hyperplasias, carcinoma

104
Q

primary liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic heptatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)

105
Q

pulmonary hypertension

106
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

107
Q

renal tumor

A

renal cell carcinoma-associated with VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

108
Q

RHF due to a pulomnary cause

A

cor pulmonale

109
Q

S3 heart sound

A

increase ventricular filling pressure (mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

110
Q

S4 heart sound

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

111
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

112
Q

sexually transmitted disease

A

c. trachomatis (usually coinfected with n. gonorrhoeae)

113
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

114
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

115
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery

116
Q

stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

117
Q

stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

118
Q

t(14;18)

A

follicular lymphomas (BCL2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

119
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

120
Q

t(9;22)

A

philadelphia chromosome CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)

121
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

122
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

123
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

124
Q

tumor in women

A

leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

125
Q

tumor of infancy

A

strawberry hemangioma (usually regress spontaneously by childhood)

126
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla in adults

A

pheochromocytoma-usually benign

127
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla in children

A

neuroblastoma-malignant

128
Q

type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

129
Q

type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

130
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, staph saprophyticus in young women

131
Q

vertebral compression fracture

A

osteoporosis (type 1-postmenopausal woman; type 2-elderly man or woman)

132
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

133
Q

vitamin deficiency

A

folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

Step-Clinical Presentations (5 decks)

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