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Mycology > LABORATORY EVALUATION (Microscopic) > Flashcards

LABORATORY EVALUATION (Microscopic) Flashcards

1
Q

Stain used to distinguish fungi in thick mucoid specimens or in samples that contain keratinous material such as skin, hair, and nails.

A

Potassium Hydroxide

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2
Q

Reagent used to preserve specimen in Potassium Hydroxide Method

A

0.1% thimerosal

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3
Q

Digestive capabilities can be enhanced with gentle heating or addition of

A

40% dimethyl sulfoxide

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4
Q

Nails in Potassium Hydroxide method require what percentage?

A

up to 25%

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5
Q

An alternative to KOH

A

10% or 25% NaOH with added glycerinq

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6
Q

Visualization of specimens in KOH may be enhanced with the use of:

A

lactophenol cotton blue (LCB) or calcofluor white (CW)

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7
Q

This is a nonspecific, non immunological fluorochromes that binds to β-1,3 and β-1,4 polysaccharides (Cellulose and chitin) of fungal cell walls and fluoresces when exposed to UV or blue-violet radiation

A

Calcofluor White

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8
Q

true/false

KOH (10%) is mixed in equal proportion with CW solution

A

true

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9
Q

true/false

After incubation of specimen in CW procedure, clearing and interaction of stain with the fungal elements occur

A

false

DURING incubation

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10
Q

true/false

Dematiaceous fungi may stain poorly with CW due to pigmentation that masks the fluorescence.

A

true

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11
Q

Fungal elements of specimens in CW stain:

A

Bluish white to Green

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12
Q

Color of background in CW

A

dark

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13
Q

What specimen displays “double-parentheses like” in CW

A

P. jirovecii

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14
Q

true/false

Cotton fibers fluoresce strongly and must be differentiated from fungal hyphae.

A

true

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15
Q

true/false

auramine-rhodamine stain is more rapid than CW

A

false

MALI! baliktad!

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16
Q

Stain applied to BAL fluid or CSF

A

Rapid Giemsa-like

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17
Q

what is specifically used in rapid giemsa-like?

A

Diff-Quik

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18
Q

Yeasts and trophozoites stain what color in rapid giemsa-like?

A

blue purple

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19
Q

What differentiates Leismania from Histoplasma?

A

Kinetoplast

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20
Q

Used in the detection of encapsulated microorganisms of C. neoformans in CSF.

A

Colloidal Carbon wet mounts

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21
Q

What is specifically used in colloidal carbon wet mounts?

A

India ink and nigrosin

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22
Q

true/false

In lactophenol cotton blue, the organism is refractory to the particles of ink, and capsules appear as clear halos around the
organism against a black background.

A

false

Colloidal carbon wet mount!

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23
Q

What is the color of the specimen’s capsule and its background in colloidal carbon wet mount?

A

clear halo and black background

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24
Q

true/false

In colloidal carbon wet mounts, the sensitivity is 97% followed by lateral flow assay (94%) and CALAS (74%)

A

true

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25
Q

Basic mounting medium for fungi

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

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26
Q

Commonly used for the microscopic examination of fungal cultures by tease or tape preparation.

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

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27
Q

What does lactophenol cotton blue consists of?

A

It consists of phenol, lactic acid, glycerol, and aniline (cotton) blue dye.

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28
Q

Clearing agent in LPCB?

A

lactic acid

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29
Q

killing agent in LPCB

A

phenol

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30
Q

Prevents drying in LPCB

A

Glycerol

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31
Q

Used for color in LPCB

A

Cotton blue

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32
Q

Analogous to cotton blue

A

Poirrier’s blue and aniline blue

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33
Q

Color of the specimen in LPCB

A

blue

34
Q

what is mixed with LPCB to make an excellent permanent stain or fixative for mounting slide culture preparations..

A

10% polyvinyl alcohol

35
Q

Stain used for the examination of bone marrow, buffy coat, and peripheral blood smears.

A

Giemsa stain

36
Q

Stain used for the detection of intracellular yeast forms of H. capsulatum and fission yeast cells of Talaromyces marneffei

A

giemsa stain

37
Q

stock Giemsa stain diluted with

A

1:10 phosphate buffered H2O

38
Q

Color of cells in giemsa stain

A

Light to dark blue with hyaline halo
- Hyaline halo is due to poorly staining cell wall

39
Q

Stain used for detection of bacteria and fungi

A

Gram Stain

40
Q

Species that stains gram positive

A

Yeasts and pseudohyphae stain gram

41
Q

species that stains gram negative

A

Hyphae (septate and coenocytic)

42
Q

true/false

Cryptococcus spp. often have red amorphous material around yeasts.

A

false

orange duh!

43
Q

Filaments of Nocardia stain at least partially acid-fast (pink or dark pink) in this stain

A

Modified acid fast

44
Q

These species are negative in modified acid fast

A

Actinomyces and other actinomycete

45
Q

Stain used for the detection of P. jirovecii in respiratory specimens such as lung biopsy specimen imprints and BAL specimens.

A

Toluidine blue

46
Q

In toluidine blue, cyst walls of P. jirovecii stain

A

reddish blue or dark purple.

47
Q

background color in toluidine blue

A

light blue background

48
Q

true/false

trophozoites are often clumped and may be punched in, appearing crescent shaped. while cysts are not discernible.

A

false

baliktad! luh di nag-aaral

49
Q

Stain used primarily to detect malignant cells. But it works well in sputum smears and good for differentiation of dimorphic fungi.

A

papanicolau

50
Q

Background in papanicolau stain

A

green blue, orange to pink hues depending on the cell type.

51
Q

It is a mucopolysaccharide stain that is not commonly used. The more commonly used one is mucicarmine stain

A

alcian blue

52
Q

stain that is useful in visualizing the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus.

A

alcian blue

53
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans’ capsule stain what color

A

turquoise blue

54
Q

In general, cryptococcus’ capsule stain what color

A

blue

55
Q

What color is the background in alcian blue for histological sections of tissue?

A

pink

56
Q

General purpose histologic stain.

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

57
Q

stain that allows observation of natural pigments of fungi.

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

58
Q

Best stain to demonstrate host tissue reaction and pigment of dematiaceous fungi.

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

59
Q

Fungal cytoplasm and nuclei stain what color in H&E

A

pink; blue

60
Q

what phenomenon is seen in basidiobolus and sporothrix that are stained with H&E?

A

splendore-hoeppli

61
Q

What does periodic acid shiff stain?

A

glycogen

62
Q

Color of fungi in PAS stain

A

pink to red purple

63
Q

it demonstrated the double-contoured refractile walls in PAS stain

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

64
Q

Fungal stain of choice of many dermatopathologists

A

Periodic Acid Shiff

65
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii stain gray to black in what type of stain?

A

Gomori methenamine silver

66
Q

background for gomori methenamine silver

A

green

67
Q

true/false

gomori methenamine silver often stains fungi too shallow to observe structural details.

A

false

too DENSELY

68
Q

This type of stain stains mucin

A

Mucicarmine

69
Q

stain the cell walls of
Blastomyces dermatitidis and Rhinosporidium seeberi.

A

Mucicarmine

70
Q

Useful for differentiating C. neoformans (gattii) from other fungi

A

mucicarmine

71
Q

cryptococcus stain what color in mucicarmine?

A

pinkish red

72
Q

Rhinosporidium seeberi stain what color in mucicarmine>

A

yellow

73
Q

stain used for the detection of melanin of dematiaceous fungi and C. neoformans.

A

Fontana-Mason

74
Q

C. neoformans’ cell walls appear as brown to black in this stain

A

Fontana-Mason

75
Q

background color of fontana-mason

A

pale pink

76
Q

true/false

It was originally thought to stain only dematiaceous fungi and C. neoformans (organisms that contain melanin), but it has now been shown to stain variably, but less intensely, A. fumigatus, A.. flavus, Trichosporon spp., Fusarium chlamydosporum, some Mucorales

A

true

77
Q

Gram stain for bacteria; demonstrates the bacterial filaments of the actinomycetes, eg., Nocardia,
Actinomadura

A

Brown and Brenn

78
Q

Specific method for detecting fungi in body fluids.

A

Fluorescent antibody stain

79
Q

fluorescein-labeled Ab reacts with fungal antigen in the cell wall.

A

direct technique

80
Q

unlabeled Ab complexes with fungal antigens. Fluorescein-labeled conjugate reacts with globulins attached to fungal antigens. Cell walls turn yellow-green.

A

indirect technique

81
Q

Technique which is specific and highly sensitive, and can also be used to detect & measure antibodies.

A

immunoperoxidase technique

Mycology (5 decks)

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