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MT 11 > laboratory equipment > Flashcards

laboratory equipment Flashcards

1
Q

the type of laboratory equipment required in a medical lab is determined by

A

the size of the lab
the numbers and variety of tests performed

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2
Q

laboratory equipment (15)

A

laboratory balances
triple beam balance
digital or electronic balance
centrifuge
autoclave
oven
water bath
incubator
cold temperature equipment
microscope
spectrophotometer
pH meter
vortex mixer
bunsen burner
hot plate

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3
Q

used to WEIGHT CHEMICAL AND MEDIA (for culturing bacteria and microorganisms)

A

Laboratory balances

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4
Q

two types of laboratory balances

A

double pan ( direct comparison)
single pan ( substitution)

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5
Q

a single beam with arms of equal length

A

double pan ( direct comparison )

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6
Q

standard weight are manually added to the right side to counterbalance the object weight

A

double pan

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7
Q

arms are unequal in length

A

single pan ( substitution )

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8
Q

object is placed on the SHORT ARM PAN and a restoring force mechanically applied to the other arm until indicator is balanced

A

single pan

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9
Q

a measuring instrument comprising a beam supported on a fulcrum

A

triple beam balance

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10
Q

manual type of laboratory balance that can weight up to as small as 10 microgram or .001 grams

A

triple beam balance

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11
Q

enables the user to measure the mass of an object by balancing it with the help of the 3 counter weights or the known values

A

triple beam balance

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12
Q

parts of the triple beam balance

A

base
pan
adjustment knob
pointer
triple beams
rider

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13
Q

solid metal platform which SUPPORTS THE REST OF THE PARTS of the triple beam balance

A

base

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14
Q

it is where the OBJECT to be weight is PLACED

A

pan

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15
Q

can be turned to ATTAIN GREATER ACCURACY while measuring

A

adjustment knob

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16
Q

present on the RIGHT HAND SIDE of the triple beam balance

A

pointer

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17
Q

it points to zero in a labeled scale

A

pointer

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18
Q

comprises 3 beams which are individually USE TO DETERMINE THE MASS OF AN OBJECT

A

triple beams

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19
Q

the user uses this to along the length of the beam to determine the object’s mass

A

rider

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20
Q

principle used in the digital or electronic balance

A

electromagnetic force

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21
Q

the digital or electronic balance can weight as little as?

A

0.1 micrograms or .0001 grams

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22
Q

it is used for CRITICAL WEIGHING

A

digital or electronic balance

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23
Q

example for digital or electronic balance

A

cabinet balance and single pan or top loading balance

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24
Q

what are the safety and quality assurance for the balance

“Keep Donuts Position, Respect Cats While Avoiding Dust”

A
  1. keep balances clean. wipe up spills immediately.
  2. do not subject the balance to sudden shocks and do not move it from place to place
  3. position the balance on a draft- or vibration free- counter
  4. respect the sensitivity of the balance
  5. calibrate the balance on a regular schedule; perform a yearly maintenance control or contact a technician to have it done
  6. wear gloves when weighing chemicals to avoid skin exposure to chemicals .
  7. avoid breathing chemical dust by wearing a mask when weighing irritant chemicals
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25
Q

a laboratory equipment driven by a motor that SPINS THE LIQUID FLUID at high speeds

A

centrifuge

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26
Q

laboratory centrifuge works by the what principle

A

sedimentation principle

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27
Q

what is sedimentation principle?

A

centripetal acceleration is used to SEPARATE THE SUBSTANCES with greater and lesser density

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28
Q

clinical centrifuge is used for

A

urinalysis and serum separation

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29
Q

what is the speed of the centrifuge

A

0 - 3000 revolutions per minute

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30
Q

types of centrifuge

A

horizontal head
fixed angle head
ultracentrifuge
serofuge
microhematocrit centrifuge

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31
Q

SWINGING BUCKET type centrifuge

A

Horizontal Head Centrifuge

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32
Q

centrifuge tube are held VERTICAL when NOT MOVING but in HORIZONTAL when the centrifuge is FULLY in MOTION

A

Horizontal Head Centrifuge

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33
Q

the horizontal head centrifuge can produce ______ of precipitate

A

tight pellet

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34
Q

this type of centrifuge is recommended for SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE

A

Horizontal head centrifuge

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35
Q

has a fixed angle at which THE TUBE IS HELD during centrifugation at 45 degree

A

Fixed angle head

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36
Q

sediments are pack an angle but not as tightly as with a horizontal head centrifuge

A

fixed angle head

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37
Q

angle centrifuge head is LESS AFFECTED BY HEAT BUILD UP due to air friction

A

fixed angle head

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38
Q

a centrifuge optimized for SPINNING ROTOR at a VERY HIGH SPEED

A

ultracentrifuge

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39
Q

what is the revolution per minute of the ultracentrifuge

A

60,000 rpm - 150, 000 rpm

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40
Q

separates the smaller molecules that cannot be separated by traditional centrifuge

A

ultracentrifuge

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41
Q

chambers must be refrigerated and must kept at a high vacuum

A

ultracentrifuge

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42
Q

a laboratory equipment that is used in blood banking by spinning the serum from whole blood red cells

A

serofuge

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43
Q

size of a test tube used for agglutination grading

A

10 mm x 75 mm

44
Q

size of a test tube used for setting up serological titers and red cell washing

A

12 mm x 75 mm

45
Q

they are usually centrifuged for 20 to 30 seconds to achieve the proper blood bank agglutination grading

A

glass test tubes

46
Q

the exact speed of the serofuge when it used for red cell washing and grading

A

3400 and 3500 revolution per minute

47
Q

spins the capillary tubes at high speed so that the hematocrit value can be measured

A

microhematocrit centrifuge

48
Q

speed of the microhematocrit centrifuge is

A

11,000 rpm - 15,000 rpm

49
Q

duration of the microhematocrit centrifuge is ___ minutes

A

5 minutes

50
Q

a tool used to read the hematocrit level

A

circular or rectangular reader

51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q

centrifuge maintenance should be

A

weekly, monthly, and quarterly

55
Q

weekly centrifuge maintenance

A

clean the interior components with soap and water followed by freshly made 10% sodium hypochlorite; including sample buckets

56
Q

monthly centrifuge maintenance

A

check for unusual vibration and braking mechanism to ensure a smooth gradual stop. the timer of the centrifuge can be checked using a stop watch.

57
Q

quarterly centrifuge maintenance

A

check the revolutions per minute at several commonly used speeds

58
Q

a pressure chamber used to STERILIZE EQUIPMENTS AND SUPPLIES by subjecting them to high pressured saturated steam

A

autoclave

59
Q

it is used for culture media and surgical materials

A

autoclave

60
Q

what is the temperature, pressure, and time for autoclave

A

steam under pressure for 121 degrees Celsius 15 psi for 15 minutes

61
Q

biological indicator for autoclave

A

geobacillus stearothermophilus or bacillus stearothermophilus

62
Q

important parts of the autoclave

A

autoclave chamber
metal jacket’
door or cover
gauges

63
Q

container for sterilized items

A

autoclave chamber

64
Q

surrounds the chamber and the source of steam

A

metal jacket

65
Q

securely lock and has a seal to prevent the escape of steam

A

door or cover

66
Q

separates temperature from pressure

A

gauges

67
Q

why do we need to loosen the covers of the glasswares in autoclaving

A

so that the steam can properly penetrate the lab glasswares

68
Q

Stages of autoclaving

A

warming up
steam penetration into the load
sterilization
cooling down time

69
Q

until chamber thermometer reads 121 degrees celcius

A

warming up

70
Q

until center load reaches 121 degrees celcius

A

steam penetration into the load

71
Q

during which the LOAD IS MAINTAINED at 121 degrees celsius

A

sterilization

72
Q

until TEMPERATURE IN LOAD FALLS to 80 degrees celsius

A

cooling down time

73
Q

temperature controlled chambers

A

above ambient or room temperature
below ambient or cold temperature

74
Q

examples of above ambient or room temperature equipment

A

oven
water bath
incubator

75
Q

examples of below ambient or cold temperature equipment

A

refrigerator
freezer

76
Q

for high-forced volume thermal convection application

A

oven

77
Q

provide uniform temperature althroughout

A

oven

78
Q

usually for DRYING LABORATORY GLASSWARES

A

oven

79
Q

temperature and time for oven

A

160 degrees celcius to 189 degrees celcius for 1.5 to 2 hours

80
Q

Biological Indicator

A

B. subtilis var. Niger

81
Q

Periods for oven

A

Heating up period
Holding period
cooling down period

82
Q

TIME TAKEN for the entire load TO REACH THE STERILIZATION TEMPERATURE and may take up to 1 hour or 60 minutes

A

heating up period

83
Q

160 degrees celcius for 45 minutes or 170 degrees celcius for 18 minutes

A

holding period

84
Q

carried out gradually to prevent glasswares from cracking as a result for too rapid fall for temperature. may take 2 hours

A

cooling down period

85
Q

a laboratory equipment made of container filled with heated water ( distilled or deionized)

A

water bath

86
Q

used to incubate equipment in water at a constant temperature over a long period of time

A

water bath

87
Q

used during incubation in microbiological laboratory work

A

water bath

88
Q

can be also used to enable chemical reaction

A

water bath

89
Q

types of water bath

A

manual and digital

90
Q

type of water bath that is used commonly in histopathology section

A

manual

91
Q

example of manual water bath

A

flowing water bath
floating-out bath

92
Q

example of digital water bath (blood bank and hematology section)

A

electric water bath

93
Q

parts of the water bath

A

digital interface or dial
indicator light
secondary safety setting

94
Q

allows the user to control the temperature

A

digital interface or dial

95
Q

turns on to indicate the water bath is working in

A

indicator light

96
Q

prevents the water from heating to a higher temperature

A

secondary safety setting

97
Q

a device used for MAINTANING A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY for cultivation and manipulation of microorganisms for medical treatment and research

A

incubator

98
Q

for incubating BACTERIAL CULTURES AND OTHER MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES that needs constant warming at

A

37 degrees celcius

99
Q

temperature at which most microorganisms proliferate or grow

A

37 degrees celcius

100
Q

Cold temperature equipment

A

refrigerator
freezer

101
Q

store sterile media, reagents, preserve stock culture

A

refrigerator

102
Q

temperature for refrigerator

A

4 degrees celcius to 8 degrees celcius

103
Q

store dry reagents, antibiotic disks, lyophilized cultures

A

freezer

104
Q

temperature for freezer

A

-10 degrees celcius to -80 degrees celcius

105
Q

what are the important reminders for the cold temperature equipment

Lab Temperature Monitor

A

used only for laboratory purposes, not for storing food
temperatures must be checked before each use and recorded daily
monitor regularly to ensure proper operating temperature using calibrated temperature

MT 11 (4 decks)

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