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Para- Giraffe PQ's > Laboratory diagnoses of helminth infections. Fasciolosis, dicrocoeliosis and paramphistomatidosis > Flashcards

Laboratory diagnoses of helminth infections. Fasciolosis, dicrocoeliosis and paramphistomatidosis Flashcards

1
Q

How many forms of Fasciola larvae appear only inside the body of intermediate host>

A

2

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2
Q

What is the most important intermediate host of F. hepatica in Europe?

A

Galba truncatula

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3
Q

Which animal is the most susceptible for Fasciola infection?

A

Sheep

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4
Q

What is the best way to detect lancet fluke eggs in faeces?

A

Flotation

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5
Q

What is the larval stage of Paramphistomum that can swim in water?

A

Its saying both miracidium and cercaria

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6
Q

What age of sheep is most susceptible for acute Fasciolosis?

A

Lambs under 8 months

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7
Q

What is the most frequent consequence of Dicrocoelium infection in cattle?

A

Symptomless

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8
Q

What term characterizes rumen flukes?

A

Suckers at both ends
Pinkish body
Bisexual
Hemaphrodite

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9
Q

What larval form is missing during development of lancet flukes?

A

redia

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10
Q

How many larval forms of lancet fluke appear only inside the body of snail?

A

1

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11
Q

What snail can be an intermediate host of Paramphistomum cervi?

A

Planorbis planorbis

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12
Q

Which animal is least susceptible for Fasciola infection?

A

Cat

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13
Q

What is the way to detect fluke eggs in feces?

A

Sedimentation

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14
Q

What is the larval stage of Dicrocoelium that develops in ants?

A

Metacercaria

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15
Q

Which age of sheep is the most affected by chronic Fasciolosis?

A

After 1 year

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16
Q

What is the colour of mucosa of lips during acute Fasciolosis?

A

Normal, pink

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17
Q

What characterizes lancet flukes?

A

Flat body

Hermaphrodite

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18
Q

What organ do the young rumen fluke attach to first, on the course of infection?

A

Duodenum

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19
Q

How many larval stages of Dicrocoelium can actively move in the environment?

A

0

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20
Q

What are the intermediate hosts for both Fasciola and Calicophoron flukes?

A

Galba truncatula snails

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21
Q

What are the second intermediate host of lancet flukes?

A

Ant species

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22
Q

How many Fasciola metacercariae are needed to cause acute infection in cattle?

A

More than 1000 are enough

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23
Q

What does the fresh egg of Calicophorn fluke contain?

A

Zygote

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24
Q

What is the colour of liver fluke egg?

A

Yellow

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25
Q

What genus has the longest praepatent period in the final host?

A

Paramphistomum

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26
Q

What is the species that never causes acute form of a disease?

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

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27
Q

Which term characterizes Fasciola flukes?

A

Flat body

Head cone

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28
Q

This is not absolutely necessary for the development of lancet fluke.

A

Redia stage
Water
Freshwater snail
** or is it second intermediate host??

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29
Q

Which fluke is the largest?

A

F. hepatica

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30
Q

What are the steps of the lifecycle of F. hepatica?

A

MI - SPO - RE1 - RE2 - CE

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31
Q

How big is Fasciola hepatica adult?

A

2-3cm

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32
Q

How is the shape of the Fasciola hepatica?

A

Leaf-like

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33
Q

Which species develops with two intermediate hosts?

A

D. dendriticum

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34
Q

Which species has 40-50 μm, sized, brownish eggs?

A

Other

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35
Q

How can you diagnose acute Fasciolosis?

A

With necroscopy

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36
Q

You can find a few mm long worms in the liver parenchyma. This is.

A

F. hepatica

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37
Q

The life cycle of … MI-SPO-RE1-RE2-CE.

A

F. hepatica

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38
Q

Which species is 140-150 μm long, and colourless?

A

Paramphistomum cervi

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39
Q

How can you diagnose chronic paramphistomatidosis?

A

With sedimentation

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40
Q

You can find a few mm long worms in ductus choleductus. This is…

A

D. dendriticum and F. hepatica

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41
Q

What is the intermediate host of Paramphistomum species?

A

Planorbids

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42
Q

What is the intermediate host of Calicophoron daubneyi?

A

Galba truncatula

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43
Q

What is the lifecycle of F. hepatica in Lymnaea peregra snail?

A

None

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44
Q

What is the family of the Fascicola?

A

Trematodes

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45
Q

What technique do you use to measure the size of the parasites?

A

Micrometry

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46
Q

Which technique concentrates fluke eggs?

A

Sedimentation

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47
Q

What is the host spectrum of Fasciola hepatica?

A

Wide!! mostly herbivorous mammals

and humans

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48
Q

What is another name for Fasciola hepatica?

A

Common liver fluke

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49
Q

What kind of method is used to detect Fasciola hepatica egg?

A

Sedimentation or flotation

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50
Q

Where can you find the adult form of Fasciola hepatica?

A

In the bile duct and gall bladder

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51
Q

Where can you find the juvenile form of Fasciola hepatica?

A

Penetrates the intestine and migrates to the liver via the abdominal cavity

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52
Q

After the death of F. hepatica flukes what can be found?

A

Fibrotic tracts or necrotic areas on the liver

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53
Q

What are special about the diagnosis of acute Fasciolosis?

A

No eggs in the faeces

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54
Q

How can you treat the Fasciolosis?

A

Triclabendazole

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55
Q

What is the main source of heavy Fasciolosis?

A

Secondary biotopes

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56
Q

What is the size of the eggs of F. hepatica?

A

120-150 μm

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57
Q

Which colour of the eggs does Fasciola hepatica have?

A

Golden yellow

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58
Q

What does the Fasciola hepatica eggs contain?

A

Zygote

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59
Q

What surrounds the egg of the F. hepatica?

A

Granulated yolk

60
Q

Zygote containing egg of F. hepatica develops into?

A

Ciliated larva= miracidium

61
Q

F. hepatica: in the body of snail the first larva turns into?

A

Bladder-like sporocyst

62
Q

In which stage does the F. hepatica shed their tail?

A

Cercariae

63
Q

How long takes the migration in the liver parenchyma of F. hepatica?

A

4-6 weeks

64
Q

Approximately how long is the praepatent period of F. hepatica?

A

10 weeks

65
Q

What are the definitive hosts of F. hepatica?

A

All kinds of Ru, mainly the hollow horned ones (bovidae)

66
Q

What are the most susceptible species for Fasciola hepatica?

A

Sheep, goat, rabbut, hare (artificially rat and mouse)

67
Q

What are the moderately susceptible species of Fasciola hepatica?

A

Cattle, deer, roe-deer, moufflon, buffalo and camel (artificially guinea pig)

68
Q

What are the least susceptible species for Fasciola heptica?

A

Horse, pig, dog, cat and humans

69
Q

What can be the symptoms of acute form of Fasciola hepatica?

A

Rapid weight loss

Sudden death

70
Q

What colour are the mucous membranes in case of sub acute Fasciolosis?

A

Pale

71
Q

Mixed infections with F. magna and F. hepatica can occur in?

A

Cattle

72
Q

What is the definite host of the Fascioloides magna?

A

Deer

73
Q

What is the aberran host of the Fascioloides magna?

A

Sheep and goat

74
Q

What is the paratenic host of the Fascioloides magna?

A

Cattle

75
Q

What are the steps of the lifecycle in rumen fluke?

A

MI - SPO - RE1 - CE (Miracidium, Sporocysts, Redia and Cercaria)

76
Q

Where does the development take place for paramphistomid?

A

in land and in water

77
Q

Which snail species is amphibious?

A

Planorbid species

78
Q

How long is the praepatent period of rumen flukes?

A

16-18 wks

79
Q

Where can you find immature rumen flukes?

A

Duodenum and abomasum

80
Q

Juvenile form of rumen flukes is found in?

A

Duodenum

81
Q

What colour does the eggs of rumen flukes have?

A

Colourless

82
Q

What is special about the juvenile rumen flukes?

A

They never leave the intestinal canal from their route from the small intestine to the fore stomach

83
Q

In which animals is the rumen fluke common?

A

Wild animals

84
Q

What is the genus name for rumen fluke?

A

Calicophoron

85
Q

Where does the rumen fluke take place?

A

Rumen and reticulum

86
Q

What is the size of the rumen fluke?

A

1-2cm

87
Q

What is the shape of the rumen fluke?

A

Bean-like, conical

88
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic or rumen paramphistomatidosis?

A

No symptoms

89
Q

Adult rumen flukes are found … during acute paramphistomatidosis?

A

Nowhere, because the adult form are not found in the acute form!!

90
Q

To diagnose rumen fluke we can use?

A

Sedimentation or flotation

91
Q

How can you diagnose acute form of rumen fluke?

A

No eggs only juvenile flukes found in the faeces, microscopy

92
Q

How can you diagnose the chronic form of Rumen fluke?

A

Faecal egg cound and necroscopy

93
Q

How to treat the acute form of rumen flukes?

A

Stop grazing
Fluke-free pastures
Niclosamide

94
Q

How to treat the chronic form of rumen flukes?

A

Levamizole

Oxikolzanid

95
Q

What is the main difference between the eggs of rumen fluke and F. hepatica?

A

Colour

fasciola golden yellow, rumen fluke colourless

96
Q

What is the size of the eggs of lancet flukes?

A

40-48 μm long

97
Q

Which fluke is the smallest?

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.5-1cm)

98
Q

What is the development of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in ants?

A

CE-ME

99
Q

What is the life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in snails?

A

MI - SPO1 - SPO2 - RE - CE

100
Q

When is the miracidium able to hatch in the lancet flukes?

A

If the egg is consumed by land snail

101
Q

Acute form was never mentioned in?

A

Dicrocoeliosis

102
Q

Where does the larva of the lancet fluke hatch?

A

In the intestines of the snails

103
Q

Where does the larva of the lancet fluke develops?

A

In the body cavity of the intermediate host to sporocyst

104
Q

What does the sporocyst of the lancet fluke produce?

A

Several generations of other sporocysts (also called daughter sporocyst)

105
Q

Cercariae of the lancet fluke have a sharp spine on the tip of the head, what is it called?

A

Stylet

106
Q

How do the cercariae of the lancet fluke leave the snail?

A

With the expelled mucus

107
Q

Where does juvenile lancet flukes develop into adults?

A

Liver, through biliary ducts

108
Q

Approximately how long is the praepatent period in the lancet flukes?

A

About 7-9 weeks

109
Q

What is the intermediate host of lancet flukes?

A

Small land snails may act as the first intermediate host

110
Q

For how long does the infected snail survive in the lancet flukes?

A

1-4 years

111
Q

What is the second intermediate host of the lancet flukes?

A

Ants

112
Q

How long do the infected ants of the lancet flukes survive for?

A

Maximum 1 year

113
Q

Which biotope is important in dicrocoeliosis?

A

None!!

Not primary nor secondary

114
Q

Where does Schistosomatidosis (blood fluke disease) occur?

A

In the vessels

115
Q

How is the male of the Schistosomiasis?

A

Broad, flat and inwardly curved forming a groove

116
Q

How big is the Schistosomiasis?

A

o.5- 3cm long

117
Q

How is the lifecycle of Schistosomiasis?

A

MI - SPO1 - SPO2 - CE

118
Q

What is the infective stage of the Schistosomiasis?

A

Furcocercariae

119
Q

How is the shape of Schistosomiasis?

A

Thread-like

120
Q

Which of the Schistosoma is most pathologic?

A

Japonicum

121
Q

Which of the Schistosoma is the biggest?

A

Female

122
Q

Schistosoma bovis occurs in which species?

A

Cattle, sheep and goat

123
Q

Schistosoma bovis can be found in?

A

Portal, mesenteric and urogenital veins

PUM

124
Q

Schistosoma mattheei occurs in which species?

A

Domestic and wild ruminants, zebra, occasionally humans

125
Q

Schistosoma mattheei can be found in?

A

HIB

Hepatic, intestinal and bladder veins

126
Q

Schistosoma japonicum occurs in which species?

A

Most domesctic and wild animals and humans

127
Q

Schistosoma japonicum can be found in?

A

Portal adn mesenteric veins

128
Q

Schistosoma mansoni occurs in which species?

A

Humans

129
Q

Schistosoma mansoni will cause?

A

Bladder schistosomiasis

130
Q

Schistosoma haematobium occurs in which species?

A

Humans

131
Q

How big are the eggs of Schistosomiasis?

A

130-280mm

132
Q

How is the shape of the Schistosomiasis?

A

Spindle-shaped or spiny

133
Q

What does the eggs of the Schistosomiais contain?

A

Miracidium when passed out with the faeces or urine

134
Q

What are characteristics about the eggs of Schistosomiasis?

A

Covered in microbarbs, which cling to the vasc endothelium

135
Q

During acute infection of Schistosomiasis what does cercariae do?

A

Penetrate skin and cause rash (schistosome or swimmer’s itch)

136
Q

Eggs of Schistosomiasis, which is laid in target organs, release antigens and will cause?

A

Katayama fever

137
Q

How can you treat Schistosomiasis?

A

Praziquantel

138
Q

Alariosis is not very common in?

A

Dogs and cats, but prevelance in wild carnivores

139
Q

How big is the Alaria alata?

A

2-6mm

140
Q

How many intermediate hosts does the Alaria alata have?

A

2

141
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of the Alaria alata?

A

Snails and tadpoles

142
Q

What are the paratenic hosts (mesocercaria) of Alaria alata?

A

Wild boar, pig, poultry, human (lung and eye)

143
Q

How can you diagnose Alariosis?

A

Sedimentation, flotation and necroscopy

144
Q

What is the colour of the Alaria alata?

A

Yellow

145
Q

How can you treat Alariosis?

A

Praziquantel

Para- Giraffe PQ's (18 decks)

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